[Continuously updated] tutorial-Linux-Markdown-etc (Linux, command, Markdown, md, Tex, LaTex)

1. Linux commands

1.1 Commonly used

1. Check the number of files in a folder:ls -l | wc -l
2. 7zip:
   1. Extract:7z x compressed_file.7z -o/path/to/destination # Note that -o and the target path are connected without spaces
   2. compression:7z a compressed_file.zip destination_path
3. conda
   1. Check the environment owned by conda:conda env list
   2. Create conda environment:conda create -n 环境名 python=3.8
   3. Clone the conda environment:conda create -n 环境名 --clone 要克隆哪个环境
   4. Delete the conda environment:conda remove -n 环境名 --all

1.2 General

1. Update package list:sudo apt update
2. Open the document with Notepad in WSL:notepad.exe 文件路径
3. screen:
   1. Create session:screen -R session_name
   2. Enter session:screen -r session_name
4. Copy files from other server to another server:
   1. First enter [the server where the file is located]
   2. sudo scp -p -r 端口号 要复制的文件夹 目标服务器名称@IP地址:目标文件夹

1.3 Rare

1. Change sudo password:sudo passwd

2. Markdown

2.1 Markdown basic syntax

Effect	grammar	illustrate
	#	title
italics	_斜体_or*斜体*	-Both and * are OK
Bold	**粗体**
Bold italic	***粗斜体***	bold + italic
	---	Dividing line
strikethrough	~~删除线~~
Underline	~~下划线~~
Footnote1	Additional footnote→ 脚注[^脚注的名字] Photograph footnote→ [^脚注的名字]: 脚注的内容	Remember to write the specific content of the footnote
1. Ordered list	1. 有序列表
+ unordered list	+ 无序列表	* - +It will be all right
- [ ] Hello	- [ ] 你好	To-do list
- [x] Hello	- [x] 你好	Things that have been done
	> 区块内容	block
代码	``
代码块	` ```code block````
代码块	` ```code block````	Pay attention to the writing language
link address	[要显示的内容](具体网址)

2.2 Markdown advanced syntax

1. Line break:<br> 内容 </br>
2. Centering symbol:<center> 内容 </center>
3. Bold character:<b> 内容 </b>
4. Key effect:<kbd> 内容 </kbd> —— 内容
5. Visual color: <font color='red'></font>
6. Adjust font size:<font size=12 color='red'> 内容 </font>
7. Image center

   <div>
      <img src=图片链接
      width=100%>
   </div>
   

8. Pictures displayed side by side

   <center class="half">
      <img src="img1.jpg" width="270"/>
      <img src="img2.jpg" width="270"/>
   </center>
   

9. folded block

   <details>
   
      <summary>展开/折叠</summary>
   
      具体内容...
   
   </details>
   

10. mermaid drawing
    1. graph TB;
    2. graph LR;

      ```mermaid
      graph TB;
         A-->B;
         A-->C;
         B-->D;
    

11. Insert video

<video id="video" controls="" preload="none"> 
   <source id="mp4" src="本地视频路径.mp4"
   type="video/mp4"> 
</video>

12. sheet
    1. -:Set content or title bar right alignment
    2. :-Set content or title bar left alignment
    3. :-:Set content or title bar center alignment

2.3 LaTex Official

2.3.1 Syntax

Here is a mathematically typeset table with LaTeX code and notation descriptions:

Mathematics Symbol	LaTeX code	Symbol Description
$AB$	$A \ B$	space
$AB$	$A \quad B$	four spaces
$$\begin{gathered} A \\ B \end{gathered}$$	$A \\ B$	newline
{ a , b } \{a, b \} { a,b}	\\{a, b \\}	escape character\
$\hat{x}$	$\\hat{x}$	hat
$\bar{x}$	$\\bar{x}$	dash
$\overline{xyz}$	$\\overline{xyz}$	long horizontal line
$\underline{xyz}$	$\\underline{xyz}$	long underline
$\dot{x}$	$\\dot{x}$	one point
$\ddot{x}$	$\\ddot{x}$	two points
$\vec{x}$	$\\vec{x}$	Vector
$\overrightarrow{x}$	$\\overrightarrow{x}$	long vector
$\left(abc\right)$	$\\left( abc \\right)$	long brackets and small brackets
$\left[abc\right]$	$\\left[ abc \\right]$	long brackets
$\underset{A}{B}$	$\underset{A}{B}$	write below
$\stackrel{A}{B}$	$\overset{A}{B}$	write above

2.3.2 Font

Mathematics Symbol	LaTeX code	Symbol Description
$\mathrm{Hello}$	$\rm{Hello}$	non-italic roman font
$Hello$	$\mathit{Hello}$	italic font
$Hello$	$\mathsf{Hello}$	Sans serif font
$Hello$	$\mathtt{Hello}$	Typewriter font
$\mathcal{H}ello$	$\mathcal{Hello}$	Calligraphic font
$Hello$	$\mathbb{Hello}$	Blackboard bold font
$Hello$	$\boldsymbol{Hello}$	Boldsymbol bold font

2.3.3 Matrix, alignment, piecewise function

1. 【矩阵】$\left[\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right]$

   \left[\begin{matrix}
      a & b \cr 
      c & d
   \end{matrix}\right]
   

2. 【矩阵】$⟮\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}⟯$

   \left\lgroup\begin{matrix}
      a & b \cr
       c & d
   \end{matrix}\right\rgroup
   

3. 【对齐】
   $$\begin{array}{rl}{a}_1& =b_1+c_1\\ a_2& =b_2+c_2+d_2\\ a_3& =b_3+c_3\end{array}$$

   \begin{aligned}
   a_1 &= b_1 + c_1 \\
   a_2 &= b_2 + c_2 + d_2 \\
   a_3 &= b_3 + c_3
   \end{aligned}
   

4. \\ in s i g n ( x ) = { 1 , x > 0 0 , x = 0 − 1 , x < 0 sign(x) = \begin{cases} 1, & x > 0 \\ 0, & x = 0 \cr -1, & x < 0 \end{cases} \cr, indicating a new line. [piecewise function] syntax is equivalent to
   $$sign(x)=\{\begin{array}{ll}1,& x>0\\ 0,& x=0\\ -1,& x<0\end{array}$$

   sign(x) = 
   \begin{cases}
      1, & x > 0 \\ 
      0, & x = 0 \cr 
      -1, & x < 0
   \end{cases}
   

2.3.4 Greek letters

Mathematics Symbol	LaTeX code	Corresponds to uppercase letters	LaTeX code
$a$	$\alpha$	$C$	$\Gamma$
$b$	$\beta$	$D$	$\Delta$
$c$	$\gamma$	$Th$	$\Theta$
$d$	$\delta$	$D$	$\Delta$
$ϵ$	$\epsilon$
$e$	$\varepsilon$
$g$	$\zeta$
$the$	$\eta$
$i$	$\theta$	$Th$	$\Theta$
$\vartheta$	$\vartheta$	$Th$	$\varTheta$
$i$	$\iota$
$\kappa$	$\kappa$
$\lambda$	$\lambda$	$\Lambda$	$\Lambda$
$\mu$	$\mu$
$\nu$	$\nu$
$\xi$	$\xi$	$\Xi$	$\Xi$
$\pi$	$\pi$	$\Pi$	$\Pi$
$\varpi$	$\varpi$	$\Pi$	$\varPi$
$\rho$	$\rho$
$\varrho$	$\varrho$
$\sigma$	$\sigma$	$\Sigma$	$\Sigma$
$\varsigma$	$\varsigma$	$\Sigma$	$\varSigma$
$\tau$	$\tau$
$\upsilon$	$\upsilon$	${\rm Y}$	$\Upsilon$
$\varphi$	$\phi$	$\Phi$	$\Phi$
$\phi$	$\varphi$	$\Phi$	$\varPhi$
$\chi$	$\chi$
$\psi$	$\psi$	$\Psi$	$\Psi$
$\omega$	$\omega$	$\Omega$	$\Omega$

2.3.5 运算符

数学符号	LaTeX 代码	说明
$\ll$	$\ll$	远小于
$\gg$	$\gg$	远大于
$\approx$	$\approx$	约等于
$\sim$	$\sim$	相似
$\ne$	$\ne$	不等于
$\in$	$\in$	属于
$\cup$	$\cup$	交
$\cap$	$\cap$	并
$\pm$	$\pm$	加减 (plusminus)
$÷$	$\div$	除法
$\cdot$	$\cdot$	点乘
$\odot$	$\odot$	圈点乘
$\oplus$	$\oplus$	圈加
$\otimes$	$\otimes$	圈乘
$\prod$	$\prod$	连乘
$\int$	$\int$	积分
$\partial$	$\partial$	偏导

2.3.6 其他符号

数学符号	LaTeX 代码	说明
$\dots$	$\dots$	省略号
$\cdots$	$\cdots$	居中省略号
$\Re$	$\Re$	实部
$\nabla$	$\nabla$	梯度符号
$△$	$\triangle$	三角形
$\angle$	$\angle$	角度符号
$\infty$	$\infty$	无穷大
$†$	$\dag$	剪影标记
$‡$	$\ddag$	双剪影标记
$\S$	$\S$	资料标记
$\because$	$\because$	因为
$\therefore$	$\therefore$	所以
$\leftrightarrow$	$\leftrightarrow$	左右箭头
$\iff$	$\Leftrightarrow$	左右双箭头
$\nleftrightarrow$	$\nleftrightarrow$	非左右箭头
$\nLeftrightarrow$	$\nLeftrightarrow$	非左右双箭头
$\varnothing$	$\varnothing$	空集符号

3. Linux 安装 Anaconda 以及 设置环境变量

1. 下载安装包

   wget https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2023.09-0-Linux-x86_64.sh
   

2. 安装

   sh Anaconda3-2023.09-0-Linux-x86_64.sh
   

3. 设置环境变量和设置快捷键

   gedit(notepad.exe) ~/.bashrc
   

   添加一行:

   # 添加 Anaconda 环境变量
   export PATH="/home/用户名/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
   
   # 设置快捷键(可选)
   alias act='conda activate'
   alias deact='conda deactivate'
   

4. 配置 Jupyter Notebook

4.1 将 conda 的环境添加到 notebook 中

conda activate 虚拟环境名
conda install ipykernel
python -m ipykernel install --user --name 虚拟环境名 --display-name "自定义名字"
jupyter kernelspec list   #查看当前notebook中所具有的kernel

在该虚拟环境中还需要重新安装jupyter notebook

pip install jupyter notebook

4.2 代码自动填充 Auto-fill

pip install jupyter_contrib_nbextensions

jupyter contrib nbextension install --user

pip install --user jupyter_nbextensions_configurator 

jupyter nbextensions_configurator enable --user

jupyter nbextension enable

5. KMS 主机地址

kms.loli.beer
kms.loli.best
kms.03k.org
kms.cary.tech
kms.mc06.net

参考

1. 如何使用jupyter编写数学公式(译)

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1. 这是一个演示的脚注（脚注的内容） ↩︎