MarkDown, LaTex formula syntax

1. Formula format

(1) Embed in the row, single pair $, for example $d = a_b^c + a_b^c$, the effect is $d=a_b^c+a_b^c$

(2) Separate rows, double pairs $$, for example $$d = a_b^c + a_b^c$$, the effect is $$d=a_b^c+a_b^c$$

(3) Serial number: \tag, for example $$d = a_b^c + a_b^c\tag{1.1}$$, the effect is $$d=a_b^c+a_b^c\text{\hspace{1em}(1.1)}$$

Format	LaTeX symbols	LaTex expression example	example effect
Escapes	Add \ before ~, #, $, %, &, *, {, } etc.	$\{$	{ \{ {
Superscript	^	$a^{c}$	$a^c$
subscript	_	$a_{b}$	$a_b$
single space	\quad	$a_b^c \quad a_b^c$	$a_b^c{a}_b^c$
double space	\qquad	$a_b^c \qquad a_b^c$	$a_b^c{a}_b^c$
bold	\bm	$\bm{d = a_b^c + a_b^c}$	$d=a_b^c+a_b^c$
frame	\boxed	$\boxed{d = a_b^c + a_b^c}$	$\boxed{d=a_b^c+a_b^c}$
color	\color{green}, \color{red} 等	$\color{green}{d = a_b^c + a_b^c}$	$d=a_b^c+a_b^c$

2. Greek alphabet

LaTeX expression	corresponding greek letter	LaTeX expression	corresponding greek letter
\alpha	$a$	\Alpha	$\mathrm{A}$
\beta	$b$	\Beta	$\mathrm{B}$
\gamma	$c$	\Gamma	$C$
\delta	$d$	\Delta	$D$
\epsilon	$ϵ$	\Epsilon	$\mathrm{E}$
\zeta	$g$	\Zeta	$\mathrm{Z}$
and	$the$	And	$\mathrm{H}$
\theta	$i$	\Theta	$Th$
\iota	$i$	\Iota	$\mathrm{I}$
\kappa	$K$	\Kappa	$\mathrm{K}$
\lambda	$l$	\Lambda	$L$
\mu	$m$	\In	$\mathrm{M}$
\not	$n$	\Not	$\mathrm{N}$
\xi	$X$	\Xi	$X$
\omicron	$The$	\Omicron	$\mathrm{O}$
\pi	$Pi$	\Pi	$Pi$
\rho	$r$	\Rho	$\mathrm{P}$
\sigma	$p$	\Sigma	$S$
\ can	$t$	\Tau	$\mathrm{T}$
\upsilon	$u$	\Upsilon	$Y$
\phi	$\varphi$	\Phi	$\Phi$
\varphi	$\phi$	\varPhi	$\Phi$
\chi	$\chi$	\Chi	$\mathrm{X}$
\psi	$\psi$	\Psi	$\Psi$
\omega	$\omega$	\Omega	$\Omega$
\ell	$\ell$
\varepsilon	$\epsilon$

3. 特殊上标

LaTex表达示例	示例效果	LaTex表达示例	示例效果
\hat{a}	$\hat{a}$	\acute{a}	$\acute{a}$
\grave{a}	$\grave{a}$	\breve{a}	$\breve{a}$
\bar{a}	$\bar{a}$	\widetilde{a}	$\tilde{a}$
\check{a}	$\check{a}$	\tilde{a}	$\tilde{a}$
\dot{a}	$\dot{a}$	\ddot{a}	$\ddot{a}$
\vec{a}	$\vec{a}$	\widehat{a}	$\hat{a}$
\overline{a}	$\overline{a}$	\overrightarrow{a}	$\overrightarrow{a}$
\overleftrightarrow{a}	$\overleftrightarrow{a}$	\stackrel{F.T}{\longrightarrow}	$\stackrel{F.T}{⟶}$

4. 特殊括号

LaTex表达示例	示例效果
\left(…\right)	$\left(\dots \right)$
\vert	$|$
\Vert	$\Vert$
\langle	$⟨$
\rangle	$⟩$
\lceil	$\lceil$
\rceil	$\rceil$
\lfloor	$\lfloor$
\Biggl[\biggl[\Bigl[\bigl[[x]\bigr]\Bigr]\biggr]\Biggr]	$\left[\right[\left[\right[[x]\left]\right]\left]\right]$
\Biggl(\biggl(\Bigl(\bigl((x)\bigr)\Bigr)\biggr)\Biggr)	$\left(\right(\left(\right((x)\left)\right)\left)\right)$
\vert x \vert	$|x|$
f(x)=\begin{cases} x = \cos(t) \\y = \sin(t) \\ z = \frac xy \end{cases}	$f(x)=\{\begin{array}{l}x=\cos (t)\\ y=\sin (t)\\ z=\frac{x}{y}\end{array}$
f(x)=\begin{cases} 0& \text{x=0}\\1& \text{x!=0} \end{cases}	$f(x)=\{\begin{array}{ll}0& \text{x=0}\\ 1& \text{x!=0}\end{array}$

5. 矩阵形式

LaTex表达示例	示例效果
\begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{matrix}	$\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 1& 0\end{array}$
\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix}	$\left|\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right|$
\begin{pmatrix} 0 & -i \\ i & 0 \end{pmatrix}	$\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& -i\\ i& 0\end{array}\right)$
\begin{bmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}	$\left[\begin{array}{cc}0& -1\\ 1& 0\end{array}\right]$
\begin{Bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{Bmatrix}	$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& -1\end{array}\right\}$
\begin{Vmatrix} i & 0 \\ 0 & -i \end{Vmatrix}	$\Vert \begin{array}{cc}i& 0\\ 0& -i\end{array}\Vert$

6. 积分求和

LaTex表达示例	示例效果
\infty	$\infty$
\bigcup	$\bigcup$
\bigcap	$\bigcap$
\int	$\int$
\iint	$\iint$
\iiint	$\iiint$
\sum	$\sum$
\sum_1^n	${\sum }_1^n$
\textstyle \sum_1^n	${\sum }_1^n$
\displaystyle \sum_1^n	$\sum _1^n$
\sum_{i=0}^\infty i^2	${\sum }_{i=0}^{\infty }{i}^2$
\prod_{k=1}^n k = n!	${\prod }_{k=1}^{n}k=n!$

7. 函数符号

LaTex表达示例	示例效果
\frac{a+1}{b+1}	$\frac{a+1}{b+1}$
{a+1\over b+1}	$\frac{a+1}{b+1}$
\cfrac{a}{b}	$\frac{a}{b}$
\sqrt{x^3}	$\sqrt{x^3}$
\sqrt[3]{\frac xy}	$\sqrt[3]{\frac{x}{y}}$
\log_{21} {xy}	${\log }_{21}xy$
\sin x	$\sin x$
\cos x	$\cos x$
\lim	$\lim$
\textstyle \lim_{x\to 0}	${\lim }_{x\to 0}$
\displaystyle \lim_{x\to 0}	$\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }$

8. 特殊符号

LaTex表达示例	示例效果	LaTex表达示例	示例效果
\lt	$<$	\gt	$>$
\le	$\le$	\leq	$\le$
\leqq	$\leqq$	\leqslant	$⩽$
\ge	$\ge$	\geq	$\ge$
\geqq	$\geqq$	\geqslant	$⩾$
\neq	$\ne$	\not\lt	$\nless$
\not	̸ \not 	在几乎所有符号	上划出斜线
\times	$\times$	\div	$÷$
\pm	$\pm$	\mp	$\mp$
\cdot	$\cdot$
\cup	$\cup$	\cap	$\cap$
\setminus	$\setminus$	\subset	$\subset$
\subseteq	$\subseteq$	\subsetneq	$⊊$
\supset	$\supset$	\in	$\in$
\notin	$\notin$	\emptyset	$\varnothing$
\varnothing	$\varnothing$
{n+1 \choose 2k}	$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n+1}{2k}\right)$	\binom{n+1}{2k}	$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n+1}{2k}\right)$
\to	$\to$	\rightarrow	$\to$
\leftarrow	$\leftarrow$	\Rightarrow	$\Rightarrow$
\Leftarrow	$\Leftarrow$	\mapsto	$\mapsto$
\land	$\wedge$	\lor	$\vee$
\lnot	$\neg$	\forall	$\forall$
\exists	$\exists$	\top	$\top$
\bot	$\perp$	\vdash	$⊢$
\vDash	$\models$
\star	$\star$	\ast	$\ast$
\oplus	$\oplus$	\circ	$\circ$
\bullet	$\bullet$
\approx	$\approx$	\sim	$\sim$
\simeq	$\simeq$	\cong	$\cong$
\equiv	$\equiv$	\prec	$\prec$
\lhd	$⊲$	\therefore	$\therefore$
\infty	$\infty$	\aleph_0	${\aleph }_0$
\nabla	$\nabla$	\partial	$\partial$
\Im	$\Im$	\Re	$\Re$
\a\equiv b\pmod n	$a\equiv b(\mathrm{mod}n)$
\ldots	$\dots$	\cdots	$\cdots$

9. 特殊字体

LaTex表达示例	示例效果	LaTex表达示例	示例效果
\mathbb{ABCDE}	$\mathbb{ABCDE}$	\Bbb{ABCDEF}	$\mathbb{ABCDEF}$
\mathbf{abcde}	$\mathbf{abcde}$	\mathtt{ABCDE}	$\mathtt{ABCDE}$
\mathrm{ABCDE}	$\mathrm{ABCDE}$	\mathsf{ABCDE}	$\mathsf{ABCDE}$
\mathcal{ABCDE}}	$\mathcal{A}\mathcal{BC}\mathcal{D}\mathcal{E}$	\mathscr{ABCDE}	$\mathcal{ABCDE}$
\mathfrak{ABCDE}	$\mathfrak{ABCDE}$

参考资料

1、https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5020/mathjax-basic-tutorial-and-quick-reference
2、https://viatorsun.blog.csdn.net/article/details/82826664