Reading summary: "Greater London Plan 2021" Chapter 10 Transportation
Shown above is the cover and table of contents of the "Greater London Plan 2021". This article will briefly introduce theChapter 10 Transportation Part, the content is macroscopic, focusing on the logical relationships.
After reading through it with the help of a translation tool, the high-frequency words and phrases captured are as follows: mode change, improving the sustainable travel (walking, cycling and public transportation) environment, reducing car dependence, and environmental protection. Details surrounding9 major policies(T1-T9) are described separately, and each part is basically closely linked to the above key points.
The first article is a comprehensive guideline, which specifies the strategic objectives of London transport planning and the basic requirements for land use, and lists the corresponding policies from the aspects of healthy streets and public transportation.plan. The remaining eight policies correspond to: healthy streets; transportation capacity, connectivity and security; assessment and mitigation of traffic impacts; cycling; parking lots; logistics construction and services; aviation; and infrastructure funding sources. The contents of the nine policies are roughly as follows:
Next, the main content of each policy will be extracted with reference to the original text.
1 General policy
The plan should support and promote the strategic target that 80% of journeys in London will be by walking, cycling or public transport by 2041, and a series of proposed plans (schedule listed in the original article). Development must adhere to principles of efficient land use, enhance connectivity and accessibility through existing and planned public transport, walking and cycling routes, and minimize impact on London’s transport network and supporting infrastructure.
2 Healthy Street
This policy is consistent with the Mayor's Transport Strategy, which aims to improve the walking, cycling and public transportation environment in the city, reduce dependence on cars, and guide healthy and green travel modes, allowing everyone to Citizens feel facilitated, included, safe and friendly. How to measure the health of a street? Then we have to mention 10 of this strategyEvaluation indicators, as shown in the figure below, the indicators are supported by actual street problems, and the score of the indicators will guide corresponding improvement measures.
3 Transport capacity, interconnection and security
This policy involves a lot of content, with the core being public transportation . Let’s start with transportation capacity. The policy mentions the extension plan of some bus lines and emphasizes the urgent need toImprove the transportation capacity of public transportationto accommodate the continued growth in passenger traffic. Regarding how to improve public transportation capacity, two major aspects were highlighted: one is to expand the public transportation network, and the other is to strengthen the connectivity between lines and the connection between public transportation and walking, cycling and other facilities. This is Among them, interconnection. As for guarantee, what I understand is to guarantee public transportation capacity, that is, when carrying out corresponding plans, the basic transportation level of public transportation should always be guaranteed.
4 Assess and mitigate traffic impacts
Literally it can be divided into assessing traffic impacts and mitigating traffic impacts. Part One - Assessment,This should include an assessment of the demand created by individual journeys, as well as potential delivery services, and consider the impact on all modes of transport, including walking and cycling, and on streets as social spaces. A sound assessment of the traffic impacts arising from development proposals/schemes will facilitate appropriate mitigation during the planning process , ensuring that the specific impacts of planning applications and their compatibility with healthy streets strategies can be reviewed and assessed. What impact might the development proposals have? According to the policy, the content is mainly divided into the cumulative impact on public transportation and road network capacity and the impact on public health , but I think the impact on public health actually also comes from the impact on transportation, so it is integrated. In nature, it is mainly divided into positive impact and negative impact. The positive aspect is the traffic improvement brought about by the development proposal, and the negative aspect is that the development proposal may reduce the capacity of the road network. To mitigate its negative impact, relevant measures are mentioned in the policy, for example, if the adverse impact of a development proposal on traffic is identified,financial contributionseek relief in the form of improved network service levels, or throughProvide infrastructure directly, such as adding bus stops and improving streets.
5 riding
This policy specifies that development proposals and plans should help remove barriers to cycling and create a healthy cycling environment. As for further measures, the following two points are highlighted.
5.1 Construction of dedicated bicycle lane network
Build new routes or improve infrastructure.
5.2 Bicycle parking planning
The layout and design of cycle parking spaces should comply with the relevant guidance of the London Cycling Design Standards. It should also be consideredfairness, to improve the inclusiveness of special types of bicycles such as modified bicycles used by people with disabilities.
6 parking lots
The dominance of cars on streets is one of the significant barriers to walking and cycling, reducing the attractiveness of streets as public spaces and having an impact on the reliability and journey times of bus services.Reduce parking facilitiesCan promote high-density development and support the creation of vibrant , people-centred places.
Taken together, the parking lot series policiesin principleThe main ones are: car-less and car-free development (highest parking spaces/space standards), consistency with future public transport accessibility and connectivity, provision of infrastructure for electric or other ultra-low emission vehicles, effective use of existing facilities, and reasonable control Street parking, suitable parking spaces for people with disabilities. Specifically, relevant descriptions are provided for five categories: residential parking lots, office parking lots, retail parking lots, hotel and leisure parking lots, and non-residential disabled parking lots. The main contents are as follows.
7 Logistics distribution construction and services
The construction part is very short, so it mainly introduces suggestions for the development of logistics services. The distribution service process can be simply described as: receiving goods-transportation-delivery . The policy mainly refers to the transportation process.Time and mode coordination, that is, rationally arranging delivery times to stagger peak times and promote appropriate changes in road transportation modes to waterways or railways. In addition, it also emphasizes the safety of transportation vehicles (visual standards for heavy trucks) and environmental protection. As for the two processes of receiving and delivering goods, the policy puts forward relevant suggestions for their site settings. For example, sufficient space should be provided outside the street for repair, storage and delivery. Streets should only be used when this is not possible. the loading and unloading area,Reduce impact on streets。
8 aviation
The role of airports in promoting the growth of urban space cannot be ignored, and areas with good connections between airports and ground transportation can accommodate a large number of new housing and employment opportunities, but the negative environmental and health impacts of aviation should also be recognized. Based on the above points of view, on the one hand, it is proposed that neither normal aviation activities nor airport expansion projects should be at the expense of London's environment or the health of residents, and must comply with national and international obligations to address climate change (specifically mentioning helicopter airports control). On the other hand, it provides corresponding guidance on how to integrate existing airports with ground passages.
9 Transportation infrastructure funding planning
The more specific measure in the proposal is to collect MCIL (community infrastructure tax), and other mechanisms still need further study.
参考资料：
[1] Greater London Authority. The London Plan: The Spatial Development Strategy for Greater London [R]. London: Greater London Authority, Mayor of London, 2021.