Arcgis common operating skills

20 common Arcgis operation skills

1) Conversion of image formats

For example, to convert jpg format to tiff format, you can use conversion tools-->to Raster-->Raster to Other Format multiple in arctoolbox.

Vectorized settings snap function

2) Vectorization preparation

Before vectorization, create a .mxd project file. This file is an index file that records the relative paths of all layers and layer rendering annotations and other information.

Then create a point, line, and surface layer through arcaltalog, add it to the project, and perform vectorization operations. The main stacking order is points on top, lines in the middle, and surfaces below. The vector base map is placed on the latest surface.

In large projects, it is often necessary to establish a personalgeodatabase database, mainly to facilitate management and to open it through access.

3) Vectorized settings capture function

In Editor--Snapping->Snapping Toolbar (Editor--Snapping->SnappingToolbar) you can set the snapping type, such as points, nodes, boundaries, etc.

Vectorized settings snap function

4) Set the scale of point display

During vectorization, if you set the size of a point, it will be found that the point will not be enlarged or reduced when zooming in and out of the layer. You need to set the scale of the zoom.

Set the scale for point display

5) Merge elements

If you want to merge two point, line, or area features into one feature, you can select the feature to be merged through shift, and then in Edit Tools > Merge (Editor->Merger), you need to specify the target feature to be merged into.

Merge features

6) Georeferencing the base map. Image registration. Spatial reference. Georeferencing process. Georeferencing.

Correction is the process of assigning geographic coordinate information to basemaps without coordinate information, such as Tiff, Img, etc.

You can right-click, select the Georeferncing tool from the pop-up function bar, and then add control points (Controlpoints) to the base map to be corrected. Generally, at least 4 corner control points are added. You can open the coordinates of the control points by clicking on the connection table. Information and modifications, residuals will appear after adding more than 3.

If the accuracy is not enough, you can add more points for encryption. Only the corrected pictures can be vectorized. This method is for image registration.

Spatial adjustment refers to the registration of vector layers.

7) Cropping of raster images

When operating on a large remote sensing or topographic map, its full extent is often not required.

Then the base map can be cropped according to the defined range, it can be cropped according to the existing boundary graphics (check the box to use the geometric features of the input cropping elements as the boundary, and the generated ones are irregular) or based on the maximum and minimum values of the boundary graphics. rectangle is cut.

Cropping of raster images

The tool is: ArcToolbox-->Data Management Tools-->Raster-->Raster Processing-->Clip (ArcToolbox-->DataManagerment Tolls-->Raster-->Raster Processing-->Clip).

8) Cropping of ArcGIS vectors

Vector cropping

The tool is located in ArcToolbox-->Analysis Tools-->Extract-->Clip (ArcToolbox-->Analysis Tools-->Extract-->Clip).

The input feature Input Feature is the layer to be clipped (can be a point, line or surface), and the Clip feature clipping feature is the clipping range border (needs to be a surface).

Note: The number of features after cropping is determined based on the original cropping layer. If a feature object of the original layer is cropped into multiple parts, it will be treated as a multi-part object after cropping and will still be a record in the attribute table. .

9) Spatial correction of ArcGIS vector data

The purpose of spatial correction is to perform matching correction processing on geographically mismatched layers, such as when there is a certain offset between two layers.

First call up the Spatialadjustment tool, then turn on the editing function, and then Spatialadjustment-->set adjust data to set the layer to be corrected.

Then use the new displacementlink tool to pull out the line with the arrow to the corresponding point position. Generally, 4 corresponding points are required. After setting the corresponding points, click rectify.

10) ArcGIS coordinate point generation point layer file (can also have attributes)

First prepare data in xls or dbf format that contains XY coordinates, which must have XY column headers.

Coordinate point generation point layer file

Just use arcgis' file-->add data-->add xy data (File-->add data-->add xy data).

The imported data is dataevent, then right-click export-->export to shapefile format.

11) ArcGIS projection conversion

Coordinate conversion refers to the conversion between different coordinate systems, such as from Beijing 54 to Xi'an 80 or from 6 degrees to 3 degrees.

The tool is located at: ArcToolbox-->Data management tools-->Projections and Transformations (ArcToolbox-->Datamanagerment Tolls-->Projections and Transformations).

Projection transformation

The bandwidth spanned by our country:

Six Degree Zones my country spans 11 6° zones (13-23 zones), generally used in 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 topographic maps;

The three-degree zone in my country spans 22 3° zones (zones 24-45) and is generally used on 1:10,000 topographic maps.

Central meridian algorithm for each zone:

The six-degree zone is: zone number × 6°-3° (for example, the central meridian in the 16-degree zone is 16×6°-3°=93°)

The three-dimensional zone is: zone number × 3° (for example, the central meridian of zone 31 is 31×3°=93°)

The longitude span of our country is: 73°E~135°E (on the Pamir Plateau in the westernmost part of Xinjiang - where the main channels of the Heilongjiang River and the Ussuri River converge);

Therefore, the six-degree span in our country is the 13-23 zone, and the three-degree span is the 24-45 zone.

An easy way to remember: Within the land area of the People's Republic of China, the coordinates (Y coordinate, 8 digits, the first two digits are the zone number) if the zone number is less than or equal to 23, it must be a 6-degree zone, and if the zone number is greater than or equal to 24, it must be a 3-degree zone. bring.

The first two digits of the abscissa of the kilometer network on the topographic map are the zone number. For example, the abscissa on the 1:50,000 topographic map is 20345486, of which 20 is the zone number and 345486 is the abscissa value.

12) Intersection overlay analysis of ArcGIS overlapping data

Overlay analysis is to find the common intersection between two layers and regenerate a new layer. Surfaces are superimposed on surfaces, and surfaces are superimposed on lines. The attribute information is the superposition of two parts.

Intersection overlay analysis of overlapping data

The tool is located at: ArcToolbox-->Analysis Tools-->Overlay Tools-->Intersect (ArcToolbox-->AnalysisTools-->overlay-->Intersect).

13) Erase of ArcGIS overlapping data intersection

If the overlapping portion of the two layers needs to be deleted, you can overlay the overlapping area analyzed or directly use one layer to erase the other layer. After the overlay analysis, a new layer is obtained.

Erase of overlapping data intersections

The tool is located at: ArcToolbox-->Analysis Tools-->Overlay Tools-->Erase (ArcToolbox-->AnalysisTools-->overlay-->Erase).

14) ArcGIS pick area

Draw sub-graphics by operating on an existing line or area feature object.

Line object operation: Open editing, you can use the reshapefeaturetool in the editing tool to cut the line element and remove the excess part; or use the split tool to split a line element into two parts (if you want to merge it into one again, you can Select the merge tool after shift multi-selection).

Polygon feature operation: After opening the editor, you can choose the cut reshape feature tool to cut off the excess part; use the cut polygon tool to divide the polygon into multiple polygons, and their attributes are also copied; you can also draw a sub-region inside the polygon. Hollow out the polygon, and pay attention to the drawing of the divided graphics to cross and close.

15) Structural editing of ArcGIS fields

For a layer whose attribute columns have been defined, if you need to modify its attributes, it is not possible in arcgis.

But you can use other methods, such as shapefile files, you can find the .dbf file corresponding to the file, and then choose to open it with excel2003, and just modify the column attributes; if it is in an mdb database, you can design the table through the access database Formal attributes can be listed as attributes.

16)ARCGIS cropping area

Merge: Merge two feature objects. You can open the editor, select the feature to be merged, select editor-->merge, and the target feature to be merged will pop up. After completion, multiple features will be merged into one feature ( Only the attributes of the selected target features will be retained after merging).

Union: To join another element, the original element object is retained and a new merged element is regenerated. The method is similar to the above, just select union.

Trace cutting: To divide a polygon object according to the boundary of another object, you can open the editor and select two polygons, then select the cut polygon tool-->then select the trace tool to surround both sides of the polygon to be cut. Lift up to achieve cutting.

17) Establishment of ArcGIS topology and topology rules

Topology definition: Spatial topology describes the spatial location relationship of geographical objects in nature and is part of the spatial attributes of geographical objects.

There are mainly three types of topological relationships of geographical objects:

Adjacent: The adjacent relationship confirms whether objects overlap at a certain boundary, such as province and county data in an administrative division map.

Coincidence: Coincidence relationships confirm whether objects cover each other in a certain part, such as the relationship between bus lines and roads.

Connectivity: Connectivity relationships can confirm accessibility, access paths, etc.

The meaning of constructing topology: The main meaning is to ensure data quality. Topology expresses and specifies the spatial relationship between data in the spatial data model.

By expressing and specifying these spatial relationships, topology makes geographic data as consistent as possible with the real world.

Topology is an effective method to accurately express spatial data. By strictly constraining the relationship between elements, it improves the accuracy and usability of spatial data.

Topology is implemented in arcgis software: In arcgis, topology can only be implemented for two data models: Coverage and Geodatabase.

The following takes the personal database test.mdb as an example, where a dataset is created, a coordinate system is specified, and a point, line, and area feature layer is created.

Create some points and lines. To create the opposite side, you can use the planarizelines tool in the topology tool to break the intersections of the line segments (the set break tolerance refers to the break operation to be performed within the tolerance range). , and then use the topology tool - construction polygons tool to build polygons from line segments.

Right-click on the data set - New - Create topology. In the pop-up Create Topology dialog box, enter the name, tolerance, layer to be topological, set the level, add rules (the important part, multiple rules can be defined), click OK Start creating the topology. After creation, you can be prompted whether to perform verification. After verification, you can load the topology into arcmap to check for topology errors. You can see that errors will be marked in red.

In this way, you can edit and modify. After modification, you can use the validate tool multiple times to check for topology errors. (For hollow polygons, you can create a polygon - tracing tool and fill in the holes. For overlapping polygons, you can cut the polygons using cutpolygons tool + tracing tool trace, and then use the merge tool to merge.) Topology rules are implemented in AE: first , Topology, as a relatively advanced function, needs to first register the corresponding function code in the program.

The interface that implements this necessary step is: IAoInitialize, which has an Initialize method that must be used in front of any other components. It can initialize a product code.

This is the method declaration format of C#: public esriLicenseStatus Initialize(esriLicenseProductCode ProductCode); esriLicenseProductCode has six constants, and what we are going to use here is esriLicenseProductCodeEngineGeoDB.

Let’s look at the structural process of its topology implementation: First, you need to obtain the workspace and define the IWorkspaceFactory interface. Its function is to open the corresponding database file, then assign it to the IFeatureWorkspace interface, then obtain the corresponding data set interface IFeatureDataset, and assign the IFeatureDataset to the ITopologyContainer to obtain the The topology collection of this data set, and then use the CreateTopology method of ITopologyContainer to create a specific topology class, thus creating a topology belonging to the corresponding data set.

Then set the characteristics of this topology through some interfaces and functions: layers, tolerance values, accuracy levels, and topological relationship rules. Finally, execute the topology through the ValidateTopology method.

You can see that its implementation process is the same as above.

18) Mutual conversion between ArcGIS point and line area elements

The conversion between features includes the conversion between point, line and area feature types. The tool is located under: ArcToolbox-->Data Management Tools-->Elements (ArcToolbox-->DataManagerment Tolls-->Raster).

Conversion between point, line and polygon feature types

Surface to line: polygon to line converts the contour of the surface into a line object.

Area to point: feature topoint converts only the center point of the area object into point features.

Surface vertices to points: featurevertices to points converts all vertices of the surface outline into points.

Line to surface: feature to polygon is to convert closed lines into surface objects.

Line to point: Feature topoint is to convert the center point of the line into a point.

Convert line vertices to points: featurevertices to points converts all vertices of the line into points.

Point to line: point to line is to convert a sequence of point collections into lines (the test found that it is not ideal, and the last points of all the lines will be connected).

19) CAD file (DWG) to ArcGIS format (SHP)

Open the corresponding CAD data layer (such as Polyline), right-click the layer-Export data (Export data), and save it in Shapefile format.

Or Conversion Tools→Convert to Shapefile–feature class to shapefile (batch) (Conversiontools-->Toshapefile-->feature class to shapefile(multiple)).

Feature class to drawing file (batch)

20) ArcGIS extension line tool (batch processing of unclosed lines)

For a polyline that should be closed or the end point of a line segment should intersect another line segment, but there is no intersection due to errors. Feature layers can be extended in batches, and a tolerance value needs to be set.

ArcGIS Extend Line Tool

The tool is located in ArcToolbox-->Editing Tools-->Extendline (ArcToolbox-->Editingtools-->Extendline).

Arcgis common operating skills

20 common Arcgis operation skills

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