Today I want to share some practical experience with you and teach you how to use tunnel proxy in Scrapy framework. If you are a developer who loves web crawlers, or are interested in data crawling and processing, then this article will help you embark on the path to more advanced crawlers.
First, let’s briefly introduce the Scrapy framework. Scrapy is a powerful Python web crawler framework that can help us efficiently crawl and process web page data. Using Scrapy, you can easily define crawler rules, configure request headers, handle page parsing, and store data. Scrapy provides a complete set of tools and components to make writing crawler programs easier and more efficient.
However, in some cases, we may need to use a tunnel proxy to hide our real IP address and increase the anonymity and security of the crawler. So, how exactly do you use a tunnel proxy with the Scrapy framework? Here are some practical experiences to share:
The first step is to choose a trustworthy tunnel proxy service. There are many companies on the market that provide tunnel proxy services, such as Luminati, ProxyMesh, etc. You can choose a suitable service provider based on your needs and budget, and obtain information such as proxy IP and port number.
The second step is to configure proxy settings for Scrapy. In Scrapy's configuration file, you need to add the corresponding proxy settings. Open the Scrapy project folder, find the file named `settings.py`, and add the following content:
```python
# Configure tunnel proxy
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': None,
'your_project.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 543,
}
# proxy settings
PROXY_IP = 'Your proxy IP address'
PROXY_PORT = 'Proxy port number'
```
In the above code, we define a custom middleware called `ProxyMiddleware` and add it to Scrapy’s downloader middleware. Through this custom middleware, we can set the proxy before requesting.
The third step is to write custom middleware. In `middlewares.py` in your Scrapy project folder, you need to create a Python class called `ProxyMiddleware` and add the following code:
```python
from scrapy import signals
class ProxyMiddleware(object):
def __init__(self, proxy_ip, proxy_port):
self.proxy_ip = proxy_ip
self.proxy_port = proxy_port
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
return cls(
proxy_ip=crawler.settings.get('PROXY_IP'),
proxy_port=crawler.settings.get('PROXY_PORT')
)
def process_request(self, request, spider):
request.meta['proxy'] = f'http://{self.proxy_ip}:{self.proxy_port}'
```
In the above code, we add proxy settings to each request through the `process_request` method and forward the request through the proxy server.
The fourth step is to enable custom middleware. In the `settings.py` file, find the `SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES` dictionary and add the following:
```python
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'your_project.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 543,
}
```
Through the above steps, you have successfully configured the tunnel proxy in the Scrapy framework. Before starting your crawler, make sure you have started the proxy service and configured the proxy IP address and port number correctly into Scrapy.
I hope this article can help you successfully use the tunnel proxy in the Scrapy framework. If you have any questions or want to know more about crawlers and agents, you can always ask me. I wish you obtain rich data and develop powerful applications in the world of crawlers!