Summary:
Under the general trend of tense energy situation, the construction of energy management systems for large-scale public buildings with high energy consumption has gradually received attention. Internet of Things technology and basic building energy management platforms can provide real-time, accurate and efficient energy management strategies. This paper systematically elaborates on the building energy management construction method combined with Internet of Things technology, analyzes the correlation between the Internet of Things architecture and the building energy management system, and discusses this from the three levels of energy consumption data collection, energy audit, and energy management. The combined application method of the two provides certain ideas for the upgrading and optimization of public building energy management systems.
Keywords: Internet of Things, public buildings, energy consumption monitoring, building energy management, Ankerui Li Yajun 18971210998755;
0 Preface
With the rapid development of my country's economy and the accelerating urbanization process, energy usage has also shown a rapid increase. Building energy consumption, industrial energy consumption and transportation energy consumption are the three main sources of energy consumption in my country, of which building energy consumption accounts for approximately 30% of the total energy consumption.
The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the goal of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Against this background, finding new building energy management methods and technologies and optimizing the overall management of building energy-consuming equipment are the current trends in energy conservation work. location. At present, with the rapid development of my country's information technology, Internet technology has become the entry point and driver of the transformation and reform of the country's industrial structure. Research on the Internet of Things based on the development of Internet technology has gradually become the focus of attention in various fields. Internet of Things technology is a very important part of information technology. Using Internet of Things technology to conduct research on building energy management platforms, combined with Internet of Things technology to collect and manage energy data of building energy-consuming equipment in real time, can more effectively achieve refined building energy. management, providing technical support for energy conservation and emission reduction in large public buildings.
1Building energy management needs in the context of the new era
Multiple studies have shown that among all building energy consumption, large public buildings have large energy consumption and low energy utilization, especially the overall low level of control of operating energy consumption, which has gradually become the key to my country's current energy problems. Building energy management refers to the systematic strategy of controlling building energy consumption and energy consumption patterns to minimize energy consumption and energy costs while meeting various requirements such as comfort in the building [1] .
The premise of building energy management is the monitoring and statistics of building energy consumption. Efficient energy management must be based on adequate energy consumption monitoring and accurate energy statistics. This includes comprehensive monitoring of building energy systems, including HVAC systems, water supply and drainage systems, electrical systems, etc., as well as the collection, sorting and analysis of energy consumption data classified by various types of equipment. In the past, traditional methods were used for energy consumption statistics and analysis. Due to the diverse number and types of public building equipment, with different equipment quantities, specifications, models, power, etc. (see Table 1, Table 2), the amount of data obtained for energy statistics is huge. , There are various types of data, and the workload and difficulty of energy auditing are relatively high, which to a certain extent hinders the development of related energy management work. Especially for building clusters, traditional building energy consumption statistics cannot meet the comprehensive energy management of multiple buildings at the same time.
Therefore, as the types and volumes of public buildings continue to increase, there is an urgent need to introduce a high-efficiency, low-cost system that can simultaneously realize real-time monitoring and energy consumption data of large-scale building cluster energy consumption in the building energy management system. Collection of new technologies. With the rapid development of modern network technology, the Internet of Things has become an important choice to solve this problem. The Internet of Things technology can monitor and collect a large amount of energy consumption data of various equipment in the building in real time, and integrate it into a unified energy management platform. Perform data processing and analysis to help managers coordinate and manage regional building cluster energy consumption.
2 Concept of Internet of Things Technology
The concept of the Internet of Things was proposed by Peter T. in 1985. After Lewis proposed it, it has become increasingly mature after years of development. The Internet of Things, or Internet of Things, is essentially a network established by connecting objects to each other. It is part of the Internet and can also be connected to the Internet. Internet of Things technology can use a variety of different sensor modules to collect real-time data from equipment that requires monitoring, connection, and interaction. It is mainly used for close connections between enterprises and can realize various nodes in the supply chain, including Network connections and information sharing between things, things and people, etc., to achieve efficient and fast management.
The Internet of Things essentially carries out device identification and data interaction through the local area network. This means that the Internet of Things must be based on the Internet network. At the same time, it is also an extension of the Internet network. In addition, the users of the Internet of Things have expanded to Data can also be exchanged between devices on the Internet and devices on the same network. The Internet of Things is actually an aggregated complex system that connects things to things and integrates multiple sensing devices and transmission devices. Its architecture technically includes three layers: the sensing layer, the transmission network layer and the application layer.
Use the network layer. The sensing layer is the base layer, which includes various sensor devices and provides a ubiquitous sensing network; the transmission network layer is the middle layer in the IoT layer, and is composed of information and management centers; the application network layer is the top layer of the IoT. It is a user terminal that can interact with information from related devices in the network through user operations.
3 Application of Internet of Things Technology in Building Energy Management
The public building energy management system includes IoT terminals, IoT energy management platforms and communication facilities located at different locations in the building. The unique architecture of the IoT can just meet the multi-layered needs of the building energy management system (see Figure 1 ).
Among them, the sensing layer mainly collects building energy consumption data in real time through various terminal devices. It is also the premise and foundation of energy management of the Internet of Things, and the collection of energy consumption data information is completed through sensors. For the building energy management system, the prerequisite for efficient collection and refined management of sensor layer data is sub-measurement of energy consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to complete the relevant equipment for sub-measurement of energy consumption at the beginning of the establishment of the energy management system. Measurement objects include: electricity consumption, water consumption, heat consumption, cooling capacity, gas consumption, etc. Among them, electric energy consumption is the main energy consumption of public buildings and needs to be further subdivided according to energy-consuming equipment, etc. It can also be based on actual operation The situation is measured by time periods, etc. [2].
Currently, there is generally no sub-measurement function in the design of intelligent building systems, making it difficult to achieve refined management of energy consumption. Therefore, achieving sub-measurement of energy consumption is an important requirement for building an IoT intelligent building energy management platform. Sub-item metering requires the use of related technologies such as the Internet of Things to first install sub-item metering devices. After classifying energy forms such as electricity, water, oil, gas, etc., then perform sub-item metering according to different energy uses and energy consumption areas. It can also be based on actual conditions. Energy consumption needs to be measured over time periods. After the sub-item data is transmitted to the energy management platform, real-time monitoring of the operating status of energy-consuming equipment can be realized; based on the comparison of energy consumption in different office areas or different time periods based on the sub-item data, the energy consumption structure of a unit or system can be accurately and detailedly grasped. Make a diagnosis of the energy-saving potential of the building; on this basis, propose an energy-saving renovation plan.
Sub-measurement of energy consumption provides a prerequisite for carrying out energy audit work. The energy management system can monitor the status of each energy-consuming equipment in real time. At the same time, building energy consumption data is transmitted to the Internet of Things platform through the Internet of Things transmission network layer. This data transmission method mainly obtains sensor layer information through the short-distance communication technology of the aggregation network, and completes data access through the access network. Finally, The energy consumption data is transmitted from the bearer network to the application network layer [3].
At the Internet of Things application network layer, the received sub-item energy consumption data is processed and analyzed to obtain the building energy consumption characteristics, key energy consumption units, and building energy consumption structure, etc., and evaluate the building energy utilization efficiency, and evaluate the building energy utilization efficiency. Assess the energy saving potential. In addition, on the basis of comprehensive measurement and analysis of energy consumption data, the application layer can be used to complete the development of energy management system applications on the Internet of Things platform, including remote management of building energy-consuming equipment, energy consumption data management, etc.
4 Development directions of building energy management systems integrated with the Internet of Things
Judging from current research, the application of Internet of Things technology in my country's building energy management system is not widespread, and there are still many problems in the current building energy consumption monitoring and energy management system.
1) From a technical perspective, the current building energy consumption monitoring system mainly covers the collection of building energy consumption data by the building's electrical equipment system, and the collected data can only achieve one-way communication from the terminal device to the data platform. Transmission, two-way docking with information feedback and control functions requires further research;
2) The current building energy consumption monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology still has the characteristics of massive data. How to further analyze, mine and utilize massive data is an important research direction of building energy management systems.
5 Acrel-EIOT Energy IoT Cloud Platform
(1 Overview
Computers get the industry data services they need.
The platform provides data cockpit, electrical safety monitoring, power quality analysis, power consumption management, prepaid management, charging pile management, intelligent lighting management, abnormal event alarm and recording, operation and maintenance management and other functions, and supports multi-platform and multi-language ,Multi-terminal data access.
(2) Application places
This platform is suitable for apartment renters, small supermarket chains, small factories, building management system integrators, small properties, smart cities, power transformation and distribution stations, buildings, communication base stations, industrial energy consumption, smart lighthouses, power operation and maintenance, etc. .
(3) Platform structure
(4) Platform functions
◆Electric power collection
The power centralized reading module can realize the query, analysis, early warning and comprehensive display of various monitoring data to ensure the environmental friendliness of the power distribution room. In terms of intelligence, the telemetry, remote signaling, and remote control of the power supply and distribution monitoring system are realized, and the system is comprehensively tested and unified managed; in terms of data resource management, the operation of each equipment in the power supply and distribution room can be displayed or queried (including history and Real-time parameters, and daily, monthly and annual reports can be queried or printed according to the actual situation to improve work efficiency and save human resources.
Transformer monitoring
Distribution diagram
◆Energy consumption analysis
The energy consumption analysis module uses automation and information technology to realize automated and scientific management of the entire process from energy data collection, process monitoring, energy medium consumption analysis, energy consumption management, etc., making the entire process of energy management, energy production and use organic. Combined, we use advanced data processing and analysis technology to conduct offline production analysis and management to achieve unified dispatching of the entire plant's energy system, optimize energy media balance, effectively utilize energy, improve energy quality, reduce energy consumption, and achieve energy conservation and consumption reduction. The purpose of improving the overall energy management level.
Energy consumption overview
◆Prepaid management
1) Login management: manage operator accounts and permission allocation, view system logs and other functions;
2) System configuration: Configure the building, communication management machine, instruments and default parameters;
3) User management: perform operations such as account opening, cancellation, remote opening and closing, batch operations, and record inquiries for store users;
4) Electricity sales management: perform operations such as remote electricity sales, refund, reversal, and record inquiry for the meters that have opened accounts;
5) Water sales management: perform remote water sales, water refunds, record inquiries and other operations on the meters that have opened accounts;
6) Report Center: Provides inquiries on electricity sales, water sales financial statements, energy consumption reports, alarm reports, etc. All reports and record inquiries in this system support excel format export.
Prepaid billboard
◆Charging pile management
Through the Internet of Things technology, continuous data collection and monitoring of charging pile sites and each charging pile connected to the system are carried out. At the same time, various faults such as charger over-temperature protection, charger input and output overvoltage, undervoltage, and insulation detection are Provide early warning for a series of malfunctions such as malfunctions. The cloud platform includes all functions for charging charging and charging pile operations, including city-level large screens, transaction management, financial management, transformer monitoring, operational analysis, basic data management and other functions.
Charging pile sign
◆Intelligent lighting
Intelligent lighting uses Internet of Things technology to continuously monitor the power consumption status of lighting circuits such as indoor lighting and urban street lights installed in various areas of the city. It can also implement timed switch strategy configuration, background remote management and mobile management, etc., reducing street lighting costs. The maintenance difficulty and cost of facilities can be improved to improve the management level and achieve certain energy saving and cost reduction effects.
Monitoring page
◆Safe electricity use
Safe electricity use uses independently developed residual current transformers, temperature sensors, and electrical fire detectors to conduct continuous data tracking and statistical analysis of the main factors that cause electrical fires (conductor temperature, current, and residual current), and will report the discovered Various hidden danger information is pushed to enterprise managers in a timely manner to guide enterprises to implement immediate investigation and management, so as to eliminate potential electrical fire safety hazards and achieve the purpose of "preventing problems before they occur".
◆Smart fire protection
Data analysis, mining and trend analysis are carried out through the cloud platform to help achieve goals such as scientific early warning of fires, grid management, and implementation of multi-responsibility supervision. It fills the original gap of being unable to effectively monitor "nine small places" and hazardous chemical production enterprises. It is suitable for all public and private buildings, realizes unattended smart firefighting, and realizes "automation" and "intelligentization" of smart firefighting. , "systematization" and "refinement" of power management are the actual needs.
6 Conclusion
In the context of the continuous advancement of urbanization in our country, building energy consumption monitoring systems and building energy management systems are constantly developing and improving. The introduction of Internet of Things technology into the building energy consumption monitoring system has greatly improved the existing building energy management system. The technological upgrading and intelligent development of the Internet of Things are of great significance, and various related researches have broad application prospects. With the continuous advancement of Internet of Things technology, the building energy management system will become more complete.
references
[1] Zhao Mingqiang. Research on optimization of public building energy consumption monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology [D]. Xi'an: Master's thesis of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2016.
[2] Zhang Jiantao. Research on public building energy management system based on Internet of Things technology
[3] Enterprise Microgrid Design and Application Manual 2022.05 Edition.