The three-tier architecture of the Internet of Things
——Title: Serving hundreds of Internet of Things customers, talk about some thoughts on the construction of Internet of Things platform.
The Internet has changed life, changed the times, changed the outlet, and changed the speed of industry change. Anyone, any company, expects to catch the fast train of the times and ride the waves.
With the development of new infrastructure and new infrastructure, most companies are facing major opportunities and challenges of digital transformation, intelligent upgrading, and integration and innovation. At the same time, due to changes in the international environment, in the context of independent innovation in the application of information technology (Xinchuang) , higher requirements have been placed on the independent and controllable technology application .
5G, Internet of Things, new digital infrastructure, industrial Internet, automation, digitization, intelligence, artificial intelligence AI, networked construction... What kind of chemical reaction will happen to these hot words?
Looking back on history is to better understand the present and predict the future.
Between people, people and technology, or technology and technology, there are countless relationships between influence and influence, change and change.
5G is very hot, and the first offline communication exhibition has just been held recently . Let's simply talk about the history of the communications industry.
Communication does not have to start with the "Fenghuo Opera Princes". Just look at the present. Speaking from modern times, Bell, an outstanding business genius, invented the noble toy-telephone and wired communication, which solved the problem of long-distance communication.
With the development of mobile communication, communication between people breaks geographical restrictions and the efficiency of information flow is greatly improved.
2G mobile communication solves the problem of voice communication between people, making calls. It connects the circle of acquaintances, acquaintances and acquaintances, or meet other people through acquaintances.
With the acceleration of 4G networks, the rapid development of data communications. The emergence of smart phones has brought about the prosperity of Internet applications. This is the golden age of the Internet, especially the Internet in China. Data communication solves the flow problem of information flow. The most common application is to efficiently match the supply side (seller) and the demand side (buyer), such as e-commerce, travel, financial services, watching video, video creation, live broadcast, live broadcast delivery... both include acquaintances and acquaintance links, but also enhance The connection between strangers and the communication between people have broken the limitations of region and time. 4G networks provide value and become a very important part of our lives. This is the change we are experiencing.
5G+AI is both reality and imagination. It is and will continue to strengthen the connection between people and objects, as well as the connection between objects and objects, allowing objects to operate in the manner of artificial intelligence, bringing more convenience to people's lives, and opening the Internet of Things era.
5G is still under construction, what will happen in the future, we need to create together. Some people may say that 5G is useless, and it is fine now. Recall, if you are asked to turn off 4G, throw away your smartphone, go back to the feature phone era, and live a life where you can only make calls, are you used to it? Will you miss a lot of information and opportunities? When 4G was just beginning to sprout, many people also had reservations and waited and watched. And now 4G does have a huge impact on our communication methods, lifestyles, communication methods, and even parent-child relationships. (Haha, children are obsessed with playing mobile games, and the elderly like to fight ** group buying)
So look forward and actively participate in construction and development. What kind of development will there be in the next 3, 5, and 10 years?
Next, I will introduce the architecture of the Internet of Things to help industry experts clarify the architecture of the Internet of Things and assist business decisions.
The picture below is the official introduction, big and complete.
The Internet of Things can be divided into three layers from the architecture, namely the perception layer, the network layer and the application layer, as shown in the figure.
(1) Perception layer : Data collection layer, responsible for information collection and information transmission between objects. Information collection technologies include sensors, bar codes and two-dimensional codes, RFID radio frequency technology, audio and video and other multimedia information. Information transmission includes sensor networks such as long-distance data transmission technology, self-organizing networking technology, collaborative information processing technology, and information collection middleware technology. The perception layer is the core ability to realize the comprehensive perception of the Internet of Things. It is the part of the Internet of Things that needs to be broken through in terms of key technologies, standardization and industrialization. The key is to have more accurate and comprehensive perception capabilities, and to solve the problem of low power consumption and small size. The problems of localization and low cost, as well as the ability to perform edge computing, realize the linkage between localized things and the intelligence of the terminal.
(2) Network layer : It uses wireless and wired networks to encode, authenticate and transmit the collected data. The widely-covered mobile communication network is the infrastructure to realize the Internet of Things, including local ad-hoc networks to realize edge computing and short-distance equipment Linkage, and long-distance communication between the device and the cloud server.
(3) Application layer : including cloud platforms and cloud applications. Providing a wealth of applications based on the Internet of Things is the fundamental goal of the development of the Internet of Things. Combining the Internet of Things technology with the needs of industry informatization to achieve a set of solutions for a wide range of intelligent applications, the key lies in industry integration, development and utilization of information resources, Low-cost and high-quality solutions, information security assurance, and effective business model development.
The common technologies used at all levels include coding technology, identification technology, analysis technology, security technology and middleware technology.
In layman's terms, the architecture of the Internet of Things boils down to the following figure.
The most source is equipment, including equipment hardware and equipment software, which is the foundation and essence of various industries. Looking back on the 40 years of reform and opening up, each era has its own symbols. In the 1980s and 1990s, the rise of China's economy represented the manufacturing industry, such as Haier, Hisense, Changhong, Gree, Aucma, etc. They are undoubtedly typical representatives of manufacturing in that era. Equipment from all walks of life is used in different industries and in different scenarios.
Communication layer: The late 1990s and early 21st century are the era of great development of the communication industry. Everyone can truly feel the convenience brought by communication technology to their lifestyle. From landline fixed telephones, to brick-and-mortar phones, to feature phones with long standby time and strong signal strength, to smart phones, with the development of the industry, our lives have undergone earth-shaking changes. The prosperity of the Internet in the past decade has accumulated technical support for the Internet of Things. **The development of manufacturing, communications, and Internet industries has laid the foundation for the Internet of Things. **The Internet of Things, which connects people and things, things and things, may become the engine of economic development in the next ten or even twenty years, releasing more application value, and changing our lives and even production models in all aspects.
The technology stack of the Internet of Things
Industry knowledge such as artificial intelligence AI/electricity/energy/water conservancy/HVAC/equipment/equipment terminal real-time operating system RTOS.
Communication layer: short-distance wireless communication, local area network, wireless communication, wide area network,
cloud platform: operating system, development framework, development language, database, storage
Application development: full terminal adaptation, large screen, server, PC, handheld terminal pad, mobile phone APP, applet, etc.
In the construction of the Internet of Things platform, the following points need to be considered to ensure the success of the platform construction.
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The Internet of Things is undoubtedly complex. As mentioned above, the development of the Internet of Things depends on the development of manufacturing, communications, and the Internet. The construction of the Internet of Things requires the integration and innovation of multiple industries.
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The construction of the Internet of Things should focus on equipment companies. The equipment is discretized. The IoT industry's ecological communication layer, cloud platform, and application development technology are becoming more mature and have the ability to build modularity. Equipment R&D and manufacturing companies need to integrate innovation, continue to iterate, and explore suitable paths for the Internet of Things.
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The construction of the Internet of Things platform should adopt small steps and fast iterations, and continuously optimize and iterate on the basis of MVP until the best application practice is reached.
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The construction of the Internet of Things requires compound talents. In view of the complex technology stack of the Internet of Things, the construction of the Internet of Things cannot only rely on electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, communication engineers, software engineers, etc., but requires the integration of multiple disciplines and requires compound talents.
As an IoT technical solution engineer, I am honored to provide IoT solutions and services to hundreds of customers. I will continue to promote the development of iot as my mission, continue to help companies accelerate the collection and visualization of basic data, and empower companies to quickly apply IoT technology, so that companies can focus more on their own application development, integrate innovation, and jointly follow the letter Agile development, independent and controllable development path.