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Preface
1. Internet
2. Website
3. Server
4. IP
5. Domain name
6. DNS
7. Hosts file
8. Port number
9. URL
10. Static website
11. Dynamic website

Preface

The website building series aims to popularize web website knowledge and provide a comprehensive tutorial for friends who are interested in websites or want to build a personal website. This article is the first in this series. Without talking about technology, let me first introduce you to it. Here’s some common sense about the website!

1. Internet

The Internet, also known as the international network, refers to a huge network connected between networks. These networks are connected by a set of common protocols to form a logically single huge international network.
The Internet began in 1969 with the ARPANET in the United States. Usually internet refers to the Internet in general, while Internet refers to the Internet specifically. This method of connecting computer networks to each other can be called "network interconnection". On this basis, a global Internet network covering the world called the Internet was developed, which is a network structure that is interconnected.

2. Website

A website refers to a collection of web pages created on the Internet based on certain rules and using tools such as HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) to display specific content. Simply put, a website is a communication tool through which people can publish information they want to make public, or use the website to provide related network services. People can access the website through a web browser to obtain the information they need or enjoy network services.
A website is a host that has a domain name or address on the Internet and provides certain network services. It is a space for storing files, with the server as the carrier. People can access and search files through browsers, etc., or upload and download website files through remote file transfer (FTP).
Generally speaking, a website is a collection of multiple web pages. For example, a school's official website (which contains a collection of multiple web pages) or a college's official website can be called a website.

3. Server

A server is a type of computer that runs faster, carries a higher load, and is more expensive than a regular computer. The server provides computing or application services to other clients in the network (such as PCs, smartphones, terminals such as ATMs, and even large equipment such as train systems). The server has high-speed CPU computing capabilities, long-term reliable operation, strong I/O external data throughput capabilities, and better scalability.
According to the services provided by the server, generally speaking, the server is divided into file server, database server, application server and web server. The difference lies in the software installed on the server. As an electronic device, the internal structure of a server is very complex, but it is not much different from the internal structure of an ordinary computer. A simple understanding of the server can be regarded as an upgraded version of an ordinary computer. Even your own ordinary computer can be used as a server. However, the performance is generally poor.

4. IP

IP is the abbreviation of Internet Protocol, which is the network layer protocol in the TCP/IP system (we will talk about network protocols in detail later). The purpose of designing IP is to improve the scalability of the network: first, to solve Internet problems and realize the interconnection of large-scale and heterogeneous networks; second, to separate the coupling relationship between top-level network applications and underlying network technologies to facilitate the two. Develop independently. According to the end-to-end design principle, IP only provides a connectionless, unreliable, best-effort packet transmission service to the host.
There is a very important content in the IP protocol, which is that every computer and other device on the Internet is assigned a unique address, called an "IP address." It is this unique address that ensures that users can efficiently and conveniently select the objects they need from thousands of computers when operating on connected computers.

5. Domain name

A domain name, also known as a network domain, is the name of a computer or computer group on the Internet consisting of a string of names separated by dots. It is used to locate the computer during data transmission (sometimes also refers to the geographical location).
Since IP addresses are inconvenient to remember and cannot display the address, name and nature of the organization, people have designed domain names and mapped domain names and IP addresses to each other through the Domain Name System (DNS), making it easier for people to remember. You can access the Internet more conveniently without having to remember the difficult-to-remember string of IP address numbers.

6. DNS

Domain Name System (DNS) is a service of the Internet. DNS is a system on the Internet that resolves the naming of online machines. Just like when visiting a friend, you first need to know how to get to someone else's house. When a host wants to access another host on the Internet, it must first know its address. The IP address in TCP/IP is composed of four numbers separated by "." It is difficult and troublesome to remember the composition (here, IPv4 addresses are taken as an example, and the same applies to IPv6 addresses). Therefore, the domain name system is used to manage the correspondence between names and IPs. As a distributed database that maps domain names and IP addresses to each other, it can make people access the Internet more conveniently.

7. Hosts file

Hosts is a system file without extension, which can be opened with tools such as Notepad. Its function is to establish an associated "database" between some commonly used website domain names and their corresponding IP addresses. When the user enters a username that needs to be logged in in the browser, When entering a URL, the system will first automatically search for the corresponding IP address in the Hosts file. Once found, the system will immediately open the corresponding web page. If not found, the system will submit the URL to the DNS domain name resolution server for IP address resolution.
Hosts file location (the file is hidden by default): C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

8. Port number

"Port" is the free translation of English port, which can be considered as the outlet for communication between the device and the outside world. Ports can be divided into virtual ports and physical ports. Virtual ports refer to ports inside a computer or a switch router and are invisible. For example, port 80, port 21, port 23, etc. in the computer. Physical ports, also called interfaces, are visible ports. RJ45 network ports on computers, switches, routers, hubs and other RJ45 ports all fall into the category of physical ports.
If the IP address is compared to a house, the port is the door to and from the house. A house only has a few doors, but an IP address can have as many as 65536 (2^16) ports! Ports are marked by port numbers, which are only integers ranging from 0 to 65535 (2^16-1).

9. URL

URL is a Uniform Resource Locator, which is used to describe the location and access method of resources on a network.
It consists of three parts: resource type, host domain name where the resource is stored, and resource file name. It can also be considered to consist of 4 parts: protocol, host, port, path
The general syntax format of URL is: (the ones with square brackets [] are optional) protocol : // hostname[:port] / path / :parameters#fragmen
For example: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_53902288

10. Static website

A static website refers to a website that is entirely composed of HTML code format pages, and all content is included in web page files. Various visual dynamic effects can also appear on web pages, such as GIF animations, FLASH animations, rolling subtitles, etc. Websites are mainly composed of static pages and codes. Generally, file names are suffixed with htm, html, shtml, etc.
The characteristics of static websites are briefly summarized as follows:
- (1) Each web page of a static website has a fixed URL, and the web page URL is suffixed in common forms such as htm, html, shtml, etc.;
- (2) Once the web page content is published to the website server, regardless of whether there is a user access, each static web page is saved on the website server, and each web page is an independent file;
- (3) The content of static websites is relatively stable and therefore easy to be retrieved by search engines;
- (4) Static websites do not have the support of databases. When the amount of information on the website is large, relying solely on static web pages will require a large workload and difficulty in website production and maintenance;
- (5) Static websites have poor interactivity and have greater limitations in functionality.

11. Dynamic website

Dynamic websites do not refer to websites with animation functions, but refer to websites whose website content can be dynamically changed according to different situations. Generally, dynamic websites are structured through databases. In addition to designing web pages, dynamic websites also need to use databases and write programs to make the website have more automatic and advanced functions. Dynamic websites are reflected in web pages that generally have asp, jsp, php, etc. as suffixes. The server space configuration of dynamic websites is higher than that of static websites, and the cost is correspondingly higher. However, dynamic websites are conducive to updating website content and are suitable for corporate website building. Dynamic is compared to static websites.
The characteristics of dynamic websites are briefly summarized as follows:
- (1) Dynamic websites are based on database technology, which can greatly reduce the workload of website maintenance;
- (2) Websites using dynamic website technology can implement more functions, such as user registration, user login, online survey, user management, order management, etc.;
- (3) Dynamic web pages in dynamic websites are not actually web page files that exist independently on the server. The server only returns a complete web page when the user requests it;
- (4) Dynamic web pages contain server-side scripts, so page file names are often suffixed with asp, jsp, php, etc. But you can also use URL static technology to make the web page suffix appear as html. Therefore, the suffix of the page file cannot be used as the only criterion for judging whether the website is dynamic or static.

Website Building Series (1)---Basic Knowledge of Websites

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