With the rapid development of the digital economy, the application of information technology has penetrated into every corner. The explosion of technologies such as 5G, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence has caused a large amount of data to be generated and circulated every second. The surge in data mobility is gradually revealing the limitations of traditional centralized cloud storage. For example, the amount of data stored in a centralized data center is larger, making the data more vulnerable to attacks and leaks. At the same time, the data is centrally controlled by the storage provider or platform, making profits by selling the data to third-party organizations and causing unauthorized leaks. Issues such as privacy data are also increasingly prominent.
It is against this industry background that the decentralized cloud storage model emerged as the times require, and is committed to providing enterprises and users with more secure, efficient, and flexible data management solutions. As a third-generation decentralized cloud storage protocol, CESS is the first blockchain network to support large-scale commercial storage and is committed to providing the best solution for the storage and retrieval of Web3 high-frequency dynamic data.
CESS has responded to the industry challenges faced by most decentralized storage projects through innovative technologies, building a new paradigm of decentralized cloud storage in the Web3 era, supporting the return of data ownership to users, and providing higher data security and privacy . nature, continue to create a data value network with value co-connection and sharing, bringing a real revolution to the field of data storage.
So, how does CESS build this new storage paradigm? We will introduce the storage functions, storage services, technical features and innovative advantages of CESS one by one, and how decoupling CESS from a technical perspective will bring a new paradigm of decentralized storage to the Web3 industry. This article will focus on CESS's Smart Space Management and explain in detail how CESS uses "pooling" technology + scheduler to coordinate management through smart space management, effectively avoiding the waste of storage resources and achieving maximum utilization of the entire network space.
spatial classification
Storage space in the CESS network is divided into three categories: unverified space, idle space and service space.
Unverified space : Unverified space refers to the space reported by the storage node itself. This part of the space is specified by the miner through configuration items, indicating how much space of the hard disk to use for the CESS network. The larger the specified space, the larger the space. The more CESS tokens are staked, but this unverified space will not bring benefits.
Free space : Free space must be verified space. For the entire CESS network, it refers to the space that can be purchased, and for users, it refers to the remaining space that can store data. For storage nodes, it refers to the space for storing idle data. This part of space can earn revenue for the storage nodes.
Service space : When user files need to be stored, the storage node will select enough space from the idle space to replace it. The replaced one is called service space. Service space can earn more revenue for storage nodes.
Storage node space management
Storage nodes play an important role in the CESS network and receive incentives by providing verifiable storage space. How to manage storage node space distributed around the world? CESS gives a standard paradigm through smart space management.
Under storage node space management, it is necessary to regularly check the status of the hard disk, calculate the available space of the hard disk and the space used by the storage node, and check the data of the storage node . It is mainly reflected in the following two aspects:
1. Ensure that the storage node does not occupy hard disk space exceeding the specified configured capacity . When the available hard disk space is less than 32GB, the storage node will still stop storing idle data even if the configured capacity is not reached;
2. Regularly clean up invalid data , including data with illegal formats, expired cached data, and failed challenge data, to ensure that the data stored in the storage node is valid data.
The storage node space management process is as shown below. After the miner/node operator fills in the configuration file, the CESS network starts the storage node service, and then the intelligent space management task begins.
Before the storage node stores idle data, it will determine the status of the hard disk. It will only store the hard disk when the available space is greater than 32GB and has not reached the configured capacity. You can earn some revenue by storing idle data.
After the storage node stores user data, it will randomly select an idle data to delete and report the event to the network. Storage nodes regularly clear invalid data.
Network-wide space management
After understanding storage space management, we need to ensure that the data of each storage node is verifiable and prevent storage nodes from doing evil. Storage nodes are a global distributed network, and each node provides varying storage computing power. In order to ensure that the data stored in the nodes is verifiable, CESS proposes a space management mechanism to combine the data of all storage nodes. All spaces are reported to the chain and managed uniformly by the chain to prevent storage nodes from doing evil.
The space management mechanism is divided into three stages:
1. Filling phase : The storage node calculates the idle files by itself according to the idle space file generation rules, and looks for the TEE worker for authentication. The TEE worker generates a unique verifiable data for the storage node in the TEE, and the storage node reports the hash of the data. To the CESS chain, the CESS chain records and increases the idle space of the storage node.
(Click on the article to learn about TEE workers: Understand the four node types in the CESS decentralized storage network )
2. Usage stage : After the storage node has idle space, it will receive the data stored by the user, and the data will be processed into specifications consistent with the size of the idle data. Once the storage node confirms that the user data is successfully stored, it will randomly delete the corresponding size idle data and report this behavior to the CESS chain. The CESS chain will increase the service space of the storage node and reduce the idle space.
3. Challenge phase : After the storage node has idle space or service space, the CESS chain will challenge the storage node from time to time. The storage node needs to complete the corresponding data challenge (proof of calculation data) within the specified time, and report at the same time The proof is given to the CESS chain, and the CESS chain verifies the proof. Rewards will be issued if the verification is successful, and penalties will be imposed if the verification fails.
Conclusion
CESS effectively classifies storage space through intelligent space management, sets scheduling tasks in network space, and intelligently allocates storage users' data to nodes around the world to maximize and effectively utilize storage space. The adoption of a network-wide space management mechanism ensures that the data of storage nodes can be verified.
CESS's intelligent space management achieves high availability and efficiency by coordinating, scheduling and coordinating the resources and loads of the entire network, and shows us a storage space management paradigm - a decentralized cloud storage network composed of many nodes around the world . Under the effective management mechanism, the problem of idle space and waste is solved, and the maximum utilization of storage space is achieved.