Table of contents
Python Excel library comparison
1 Python xlrd read and operate Excel
1.1 Introduction to xlrd module
2 Python xlwt write operation Excel (xls format only!)
2.2 Use xlwt to create a new table and write
2.6 xlwt merge columns and rows
2.8 xlwt sets the background color for the cell
3.2 xlutils copy source files (need to be used with xlrd)
3.3 xlutils reads and writes (that is, modifies) Excel table information
4 Python xlwings read write modify operation Excel
4.3 Referencing workbooks, sheets and cells
4.5 Common functions and methods
4.9 For more details, please refer to
5 Python openpyxl read write modify operation Excel
5.1 Basic operation of openpyxl
5.2 openpyxl generates 2D charts
5.3 openpyxl generates 3D charts
6 Python xlswriter write operation Excel
6.1 Basic operation of xlswriter
6.3 xlswriter generates a line chart
6.4 xlswriter generates histogram
6.5 xlswriter generates pie chart
7 Python win32com read write modify operation Excel
7.2 Python uses win32com to read and write Excel
8 Python pandas read and write operations Excel
8.2 Pandas read and write Excel
Python Excel library comparison
Let's first take a look at the comparison of libraries that can operate Excel in python (a total of nine libraries):
1 Python xlrd read and operate Excel
1.1 Introduction to xlrd module
(1) What is the xlrd module?
The python operation excel mainly uses the two libraries of xlrd and xlwt, that is, xlrd is the library for reading excel, and xlwt is the library for writing excel.
(2) Why use the xlrd module?
Data maintenance is a core in UI automation or interface automation, so this module is very practical.
The xlrd module can be used to read Excel data, the speed is very fast, it is recommended to use!
Official documentation: https://xlrd.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
1.2 Install the xlrd module
Go to the python official website to download http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd module installation, the premise is that the python environment has been installed.
Or pip install xlrd in the cmd window
pip install xlrd
I am here that anaconda comes with xlrd, so the prompt has been installed:
1.3 Introduction
1. The data type of commonly used cells
empty (empty)
string (text)
number
date
boolean
error
blank (blank form)
2. Import module
import xlrd
3. Open the Excel file to read the data
data = xlrd.open_workbook(filename)#文件名以及路径，如果路径或者文件名有中文给前面加一个 r
4. The most important method in the commonly used function excel is the operation of book and sheet
(1) Get a worksheet in the book (excel file)
table = data.sheets()[0] #通过索引顺序获取
table = data.sheet_by_index(sheet_indx) #通过索引顺序获取
table = data.sheet_by_name(sheet_name) #通过名称获取
# 以上三个函数都会返回一个xlrd.sheet.Sheet()对象
names = data.sheet_names() #返回book中所有工作表的名字
data.sheet_loaded(sheet_name or indx) # 检查某个sheet是否导入完毕
(2) row operation
nrows = table.nrows
# 获取该sheet中的行数，注，这里table.nrows后面不带().
table.row(rowx)
# 返回由该行中所有的单元格对象组成的列表,这与tabel.raw()方法并没有区别。
table.row_slice(rowx)
# 返回由该行中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.row_types(rowx, start_colx=0, end_colx=None)
# 返回由该行中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表；
# 返回值为逻辑值列表，若类型为empy则为0，否则为1
table.row_values(rowx, start_colx=0, end_colx=None)
# 返回由该行中所有单元格的数据组成的列表
table.row_len(rowx)
# 返回该行的有效单元格长度，即这一行有多少个数据
(3) Column (colnum) operation
ncols = table.ncols
# 获取列表的有效列数
table.col(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None)
# 返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.col_slice(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None)
# 返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.col_types(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None)
# 返回由该列中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表
table.col_values(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None)
# 返回由该列中所有单元格的数据组成的列表
(4) Cell operation
table.cell(rowx,colx)
# 返回单元格对象
table.cell_type(rowx,colx)
# 返回对应位置单元格中的数据类型
table.cell_value(rowx,colx)
# 返回对应位置单元格中的数据
1.4 Practical training
Let's put the following data in the form first, click Save: 
use the xlrd module to read:
import xlrd
xlsx = xlrd.open_workbook('./3_1 xlrd 读取 操作练习.xlsx')
# 通过sheet名查找：xlsx.sheet_by_name("sheet1")
# 通过索引查找：xlsx.sheet_by_index(3)
table = xlsx.sheet_by_index(0)
# 获取单个表格值 (2,1)表示获取第3行第2列单元格的值
value = table.cell_value(2, 1)
print("第3行2列值为",value)
# 获取表格行数
nrows = table.nrows
print("表格一共有",nrows,"行")
# 获取第4列所有值（列表生成式）
name_list = [str(table.cell_value(i, 3)) for i in range(1, nrows)]
print("第4列所有的值：",name_list)
Print result: 
list generation introduction: 
list generation learning link:
https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1016959663602400/1017317609699776
2 Python xlwt write operation Excel (xls format only!)
xlwt can be used to write a new Excel table or modify the original table, the speed is also very fast, it is recommended to use!
Official documentation: https://xlwt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
2.1 pip install xlwt
pip install xlwt
I am here that anaconda comes with xlwt, so the prompt is already installed:
2.2 Use xlwt to create a new table and write
At the beginning, there are only these two files in the directory: 
write xlwt new table writing program:
# 3.2.2 使用xlwt创建新表格并写入
def fun3_2_2():
# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding= 'ascii')
# 创建新的sheet表
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("My new Sheet")
# 往表格写入内容
worksheet.write(0,0, "内容1")
worksheet.write(2,1, "内容2")
# 保存
workbook.save("新创建的表格.xls")
The generated table content is as follows:
2.3 xlwt set font format
Program example:
# 3.2.3 xlwt设置字体格式
def fun3_2_3():
# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding= 'ascii')
# 创建新的sheet表
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("My new Sheet")
# 初始化样式
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
# 为样式创建字体
font = xlwt.Font()
font.name = 'Times New Roman' #字体
font.bold = True #加粗
font.underline = True #下划线
font.italic = True #斜体
# 设置样式
style.font = font
# 往表格写入内容
worksheet.write(0,0, "内容1")
worksheet.write(2,1, "内容2",style)
# 保存
workbook.save("新创建的表格.xls")
The effect is as follows:
2.4 xlwt set column width
The value representation method of the column width in xlwt: 1/256 of the default font 0 is the measurement unit.
The default width used when xlwt is created is 2960, which is the width of 11 characters 0
So we can use the following method when setting the column width:
width = 256 * 20 256 is the unit of measurement, 20 means 20 characters wide
Program example:
# 3.2.4 设置列宽
def fun3_2_4():
# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding= 'ascii')
# 创建新的sheet表
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("My new Sheet")
# 往表格写入内容
worksheet.write(0,0, "内容1")
worksheet.write(2,1, "内容2")
# 设置列宽
worksheet.col(0).width = 256*20
# 保存
workbook.save("新创建的表格.xls")
The effect is as follows:
2.5 xlwt set line height
There is no specific function in xlwt to set the default column width and row height
The row height is set in the style of the cell, you can determine the row height by the amount of text entered by automatic line wrapping
Program example:
# 3.2.5 设置行高
def fun3_2_5():
# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding= 'ascii')
# 创建新的sheet表
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("My new Sheet")
# 往表格写入内容
worksheet.write(0,0, "内容1")
worksheet.write(2,1, "内容2")
# 设置行高
style = xlwt.easyxf('font:height 360;') # 18pt,类型小初的字号
row = worksheet.row(0)
row.set_style(style)
# 保存
workbook.save("新创建的表格.xls")
The effect is as follows:
2.6 xlwt merge columns and rows
Program example:
# 3.2.6 合并列和行
def fun3_2_6():
# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding= 'ascii')
# 创建新的sheet表
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("My new Sheet")
# 往表格写入内容
worksheet.write(0,0, "内容1")
# 合并 第1行到第2行 的 第0列到第3列
worksheet.write_merge(1, 2, 0, 3, 'Merge Test')
# 保存
workbook.save("新创建的表格.xls")
The effect is as follows:
2.7 xlwt add border
Program example:
# 3.2.7 添加边框
def fun3_2_7():
# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding= 'ascii')
# 创建新的sheet表
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("My new Sheet")
# 往表格写入内容
worksheet.write(0,0, "内容1")
# 设置边框样式
borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders
# May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR,
# MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED,
# MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.
# DASHED虚线
# NO_LINE没有
# THIN实线
borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.top = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.left_colour = 0x40
borders.right_colour = 0x40
borders.top_colour = 0x40
borders.bottom_colour = 0x40
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, '内容1', style)
worksheet.write(2,1, "内容2")
# 保存
workbook.save("新创建的表格.xls")
The effect is as follows:
2.8 xlwt sets the background color for the cell
Program example:
# 设置单元格背景色
def fun3_2_8():
# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding= 'ascii')
# 创建新的sheet表
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("My new Sheet")
# 往表格写入内容
worksheet.write(0,0, "内容1")
# 创建样式
pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
# May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN
# May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow,
# 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow ,
# almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...
pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.pattern = pattern
# 使用样式
worksheet.write(2,1, "内容2",style)
The effect is as follows:
2.9 xlwt set cell alignment
Use Alignment in xlwt to set the alignment of cells, where horz represents horizontal alignment and vert represents vertical alignment.
VERT_TOP = 0x00 Align top
VERT_CENTER = 0x01 Align center (vertically)
VERT_BOTTOM = 0x02 Align bottom
HORZ_LEFT = 0x01 Align left
HORZ_CENTER = 0x02 Align center (horizontally)
HORZ_RIGHT = 0x03 Align right
Program example:
# 设置单元格对齐
def fun3_2_9():
# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding= 'ascii')
# 创建新的sheet表
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("My new Sheet")
# 往表格写入内容
worksheet.write(0,0, "内容1")
# 设置样式
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
al = xlwt.Alignment()
# VERT_TOP = 0x00 上端对齐
# VERT_CENTER = 0x01 居中对齐（垂直方向上）
# VERT_BOTTOM = 0x02 低端对齐
# HORZ_LEFT = 0x01 左端对齐
# HORZ_CENTER = 0x02 居中对齐（水平方向上）
# HORZ_RIGHT = 0x03 右端对齐
al.horz = 0x02 # 设置水平居中
al.vert = 0x01 # 设置垂直居中
style.alignment = al
# 对齐写入
worksheet.write(2,1, "内容2",style)
# 保存
workbook.save("新创建的表格.xls")
The effect is as follows:
3 Python xlutils modify Excel
xlutils can be used to copy the original excel or modify it on the basis of the original excel and save it;
Official documentation: https://xlutils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Speak
Python briefly
3.1 pip install xlutils
pip install xlutils
Installation process:
3.2 xlutils copy source files (need to be used with xlrd)
The content of the table is as follows: 
Program example:
# 3.3.2 拷贝源文件
def fun3_3_2():
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('3_3 xlutils 修改操作练习.xlsx') # 打开工作簿
new_workbook = copy(workbook) # 将xlrd对象拷贝转化为xlwt对象
new_workbook.save("new_test.xls") # 保存工作簿
The effect is as follows: 
the content is: 
but all the styles of the table disappear.
3.3 xlutils reads and writes (that is, modifies) Excel table information
Program example:
# 3.3.3 xlutils读取 写入 Excel 表格信息
def fun3_3_3():
# file_path：文件路径，包含文件的全名称
# formatting_info=True：保留Excel的原格式（使用与xlsx文件）
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('3_3 xlutils 修改操作练习.xlsx')
new_workbook = copy(workbook) # 将xlrd对象拷贝转化为xlwt对象
# 读取表格信息
sheet = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
col2 = sheet.col_values(1) # 取出第二列
cel_value = sheet.cell_value(1, 1)
print(col2)
print(cel_value)
# 写入表格信息
write_save = new_workbook.get_sheet(0)
write_save.write(0, 0, "xlutils写入！")
new_workbook.save("new_test.xls") # 保存工作簿
The effect is as follows: 
the source file information is copied and appended:
4 Python xlwings read write modify operation Excel
Compared with xlrd, xlwt and xlutils, xlwings is much more luxurious. It has the following characteristics:
xlwings can read and write data in Excel files very conveniently, and can modify the cell format
It can be seamlessly connected with matplotlib and pandas, supports reading and writing numpy and pandas data types, and imports matplotlib visualization charts into excel.
You can call the program written in VBA in the Excel file, or let VBA call the program written in Python.
Open source and free, always updated
Official website address: https://www.xlwings.org/
Official documentation: https://docs.xlwings.org/en/stable/api.html
4.1 pip install xlwings
pip install xlwings
4.2 Basic Operation
Introduce the library
import xlwings as xw
to open the Excel program, the default setting: the program is visible, only open and not create a new workbook
app = xw.App(visible=True,add_book=False)
#新建工作簿 (如果不接下一条代码的话，Excel只会一闪而过，卖个萌就走了）
wb = app.books.add()
Open an existing workbook (absolute and relative paths are supported)
wb = app.books.open('example.xlsx')
#练习的时候建议直接用下面这条
#wb = xw.Book('example.xlsx')
#这样的话就不会频繁打开新的Excel
save workbook
wb.save('example.xlsx')
Exit workbook (can be omitted)
wb.close()
quitexcel
app.quit()
Three examples:
(1) Open an existing Excel document
# 导入xlwings模块
import xlwings as xw
# 打开Excel程序，默认设置：程序可见，只打开不新建工作薄，屏幕更新关闭
app=xw.App(visible=True,add_book=False)
app.display_alerts=False
app.screen_updating=False
# 文件位置：filepath，打开test文档，然后保存，关闭，结束程序
filepath=r'g:\Python Scripts\test.xlsx'
wb=app.books.open(filepath)
wb.save()
wb.close()
app.quit()
(2) Create a new Excel document, name it test.xlsx, and save it in the D drive
import xlwings as xw
app=xw.App(visible=True,add_book=False)
wb=app.books.add()
wb.save(r'd:\test.xlsx')
wb.close()
app.quit()
(3) Enter the value in the cell
Create a new test.xlsx, enter "life" in the first cell of sheet1, then save and close, and exit the Excel program.
import xlwings as xw
app=xw.App(visible=True,add_book=False)
wb=app.books.add()
# wb就是新建的工作簿(workbook)，下面则对wb的sheet1的A1单元格赋值
wb.sheets['sheet1'].range('A1').value='人生'
wb.save(r'd:\test.xlsx')
wb.close()
app.quit()
Open the saved test.xlsx, enter "bitter short" in the second cell of sheet2, then save and close, and exit the Excel program
import xlwings as xw
app=xw.App(visible=True,add_book=False)
wb=app.books.open(r'd:\test.xlsx')
# wb就是新建的工作簿(workbook)，下面则对wb的sheet1的A1单元格赋值
wb.sheets['sheet1'].range('A1').value='苦短'
wb.save()
wb.close()
app.quit()
After mastering the above code, you can store Excel as a txt text for data storage, and you can also read the data of the Excel file, perform calculations, and save the results in Excel.
4.3 Referencing workbooks, sheets and cells
(1) Refer to the workbook by name, note that the workbook should be opened first
wb=xw.books['工作簿的名字‘]
(2) Workbooks that reference activities
wb=xw.books.active
(3) Reference the sheet in the workbook
sht=xw.books['工作簿的名字‘].sheets['sheet的名字']
# 或者
wb=xw.books['工作簿的名字']
sht=wb.sheets[sheet的名字]
(4) Quote the activity sheet
sht=xw.sheets.active
(5) Reference to cell A1
rng=xw.books['工作簿的名字‘].sheets['sheet的名字']
# 或者
sht=xw.books['工作簿的名字‘].sheets['sheet的名字']
rng=sht.range('A1')
(6) Reference the cells on the active sheet
# 注意Range首字母大写
rng=xw.Range('A1')
#其中需要注意的是单元格的完全引用路径是：
# 第一个Excel程序的第一个工作薄的第一张sheet的第一个单元格
xw.apps[0].books[0].sheets[0].range('A1')
迅速引用单元格的方式是
sht=xw.books['名字'].sheets['名字']
# A1单元格
rng=sht[’A1']
# A1:B5单元格
rng=sht['A1:B5']
# 在第i+1行，第j+1列的单元格
# B1单元格
rng=sht[0,1]
# A1:J10
rng=sht[:10,:10]
#PS： 对于单元格也可以用表示行列的tuple进行引用
# A1单元格的引用
xw.Range(1,1)
#A1:C3单元格的引用
xw.Range((1,1),(3,3))
Referenced cell:
rng = sht.range('a1')
#rng = sht['a1']
#rng = sht[0,0] 第一行的第一列即a1,相当于pandas的切片
Reference area:
rng = sht.range('a1:a5')
#rng = sht['a1:a5']
#rng = sht[:5,0]
4.4 Write & read data
1. Write data
(1) Select the starting cell A1 and write the string 'Hello'
sht.range('a1').value = 'Hello'
(2) Write list
# 行存储：将列表[1,2,3]储存在A1：C1中
sht.range('A1').value=[1,2,3]
# 列存储：将列表[1,2,3]储存在A1:A3中
sht.range('A1').options(transpose=True).value=[1,2,3]
# 将2x2表格，即二维数组，储存在A1:B2中，如第一行1，2，第二行3，4
sht.range('A1').options(expand='table')=[[1,2],[3,4]]
Insert by row by default: A1:D1 writes 1,2,3,4 respectively
sht.range('a1').value = [1,2,3,4]
Equivalent to
sht.range('a1:d1').value = [1,2,3,4]
Insert by column: A2:A5 writes 5,6,7,8 respectively
You might think:
sht.range('a2:a5').value = [5,6,7,8]
But you will find that xlwings will still process by row, the above row is equivalent to:
sht.range('a2').value = [5,6,7,8]
Correct syntax:
sht.range('a2').options(transpose=True).value = [5,6,7,8]
Since the default is to write by line, let’s reverse it (transpose), the word must be typed correctly, if you type a wrong word, it will not report an error, but will write by default line (don’t ask me how knew)
For multi-line input, use a two-dimensional list:
sht.range('a6').expand('table').value = [['a','b','c'],['d','e','f'],['g','h','i']]
2. Read data
(1) read a single value
# 将A1的值，读取到a变量中
a=sht.range('A1').value
(2) Read the value into a list
#将A1到A2的值，读取到a列表中
a=sht.range('A1:A2').value
# 将第一行和第二行的数据按二维数组的方式读取
a=sht.range('A1:B2').value
Select a column of data
and first calculate the number of rows in the cell (provided that the cells are continuous)
rng = sht.range('a1').expand('table')
nrows = rng.rows.count
Then you can read the exact range
a = sht.range(f'a1:a{nrows}').value
Select a row of data
ncols = rng.columns.count
#用切片
fst_col = sht[0,:ncols].value
4.5 Common functions and methods
1. Commonly used APIs for Book workbook
wb=xw.books[‘工作簿名称']
wb.activate() 激活为当前工作簿
wb.fullname 返回工作簿的绝对路径
wb.name 返回工作簿的名称
wb.save(path=None) 保存工作簿，默认路径为工作簿原路径，若未保存则为脚本所在的路径
wb. close() 关闭工作簿
Code example:
# 引用Excel程序中，当前的工作簿
wb=xw.books.acitve
# 返回工作簿的绝对路径
x=wb.fullname
# 返回工作簿的名称
x=wb.name
# 保存工作簿，默认路径为工作簿原路径，若未保存则为脚本所在的路径
x=wb.save(path=None)
# 关闭工作簿
x=wb.close()
2. Sheet commonly used API
# 引用某指定sheet
sht=xw.books['工作簿名称'].sheets['sheet的名称']
# 激活sheet为活动工作表
sht.activate()
# 清除sheet的内容和格式
sht.clear()
# 清除sheet的内容
sht.contents()
# 获取sheet的名称
sht.name
# 删除sheet
sht.delete
3. Range commonly used APIs
# 引用当前活动工作表的单元格
rng=xw.Range('A1')
# 加入超链接
# rng.add_hyperlink(r'www.baidu.com','百度',‘提示：点击即链接到百度')
# 取得当前range的地址
rng.address
rng.get_address()
# 清除range的内容
rng.clear_contents()
# 清除格式和内容
rng.clear()
# 取得range的背景色,以元组形式返回RGB值
rng.color
# 设置range的颜色
rng.color=(255,255,255)
# 清除range的背景色
rng.color=None
# 获得range的第一列列标
rng.column
# 返回range中单元格的数据
rng.count
# 返回current_region
rng.current_region
# 返回ctrl + 方向
rng.end('down')
# 获取公式或者输入公式
rng.formula='=SUM(B1:B5)'
# 数组公式
rng.formula_array
# 获得单元格的绝对地址
rng.get_address(row_absolute=True, column_absolute=True,include_sheetname=False, external=False)
# 获得列宽
rng.column_width
# 返回range的总宽度
rng.width
# 获得range的超链接
rng.hyperlink
# 获得range中右下角最后一个单元格
rng.last_cell
# range平移
rng.offset(row_offset=0,column_offset=0)
#range进行resize改变range的大小
rng.resize(row_size=None,column_size=None)
# range的第一行行标
rng.row
# 行的高度，所有行一样高返回行高，不一样返回None
rng.row_height
# 返回range的总高度
rng.height
# 返回range的行数和列数
rng.shape
# 返回range所在的sheet
rng.sheet
#返回range的所有行
rng.rows
# range的第一行
rng.rows[0]
# range的总行数
rng.rows.count
# 返回range的所有列
rng.columns
# 返回range的第一列
rng.columns[0]
# 返回range的列数
rng.columns.count
# 所有range的大小自适应
rng.autofit()
# 所有列宽度自适应
rng.columns.autofit()
# 所有行宽度自适应
rng.rows.autofit()
4.books api of workbook collection
# 新建工作簿
xw.books.add()
# 引用当前活动工作簿
xw.books.active
5.sheets collection of worksheets
# 新建工作表
xw.sheets.add(name=None,before=None,after=None)
# 引用当前活动sheet
xw.sheets.active
4.6 Data Structure
1. One-dimensional data
The python list can exchange data with the rows and columns in Excel. The one-dimensional list in python defaults to a row of data in Excel.
import xlwings as xw
sht=xw.sheets.active
# 将1，2，3分别写入了A1，B1，C1单元格中
sht.range('A1').value=[1,2,3]
# 将A1，B1，C1单元格的值存入list1列表中
list1=sht.range('A1:C1').value
# 将1，2，3分别写入了A1，A2，A3单元格中
sht.range('A1').options(transpose=True).value=[1,2,3]
# 将A1，A2，A3单元格中值存入list1列表中
list1=sht.range('A1:A3').value
2. Two-dimensional data
Python's two-dimensional list can be converted to rows and columns in Excel. A two-dimensional list, that is, the elements of a list are still lists. In Excel, a list element in a two-dimensional list represents a column in an Excel table. For example:
# 将a1,a2,a3输入第一列，b1,b2,b3输入第二列
list1=[[‘a1’,'a2','a3'],['b1','b2','b3']]
sht.range('A1').value=list1
# 将A1：B3的值赋给二维列表list1
list1=sht.range('A1:B3').value
3. Selection table of range in Excel
# 选取第一列
rng=sht. range('A1').expand('down')
rng.value=['a1','a2','a3']
# 选取第一行
rng=sht.range('A1').expand('right')
rng=['a1','b1']
# 选取表格
rng.sht.range('A1').expand('table')
rng.value=[[‘a1’,'a2','a3'],['b1','b2','b3']]
4.7 xlwings generates charts
Methods for generating graphs
import xlwings as xw
app = xw.App()
wb = app.books.active
sht = wb.sheets.active
chart = sht.charts.add(100, 10) # 100, 10 为图表放置的位置坐标。以像素为单位。
chart.set_source_data(sht.range('A1').expand()) # 参数为表格中的数据区域。
# chart.chart_type = i # 用来设置图表类型，具体参数件下面详细说明。
chart.api[1].ChartTitle.Text = i # 用来设置图表的标题。
Sample code:
import xlwings as xw
app = xw.App()
wb = app.books.active
sht = wb.sheets.active
# 生成图表的数据
sht.range('A1').value = [['时间', '数量'], ['1日', 2], ['2日', 1], ['3日', 3]
, ['4日', 4], ['5日', 5], ['6日', 6]]
"""图表类型参数，被注释的那几个，无法生成对应的图表"""
dic = {
'3d_area': -4098,
'3d_area_stacked': 78,
'3d_area_stacked_100': 79,
'3d_bar_clustered': 60,
'3d_bar_stacked': 61,
'3d_bar_stacked_100': 62,
'3d_column': -4100,
'3d_column_clustered': 54,
'3d_column_stacked': 55,
'3d_column_stacked_100': 56,
'3d_line': -4101,
'3d_pie': -4102,
'3d_pie_exploded': 70,
'area': 1,
'area_stacked': 76,
'area_stacked_100': 77,
'bar_clustered': 57,
'bar_of_pie': 71,
'bar_stacked': 58,
'bar_stacked_100': 59,
'bubble': 15,
'bubble_3d_effect': 87,
'column_clustered': 51,
'column_stacked': 52,
'column_stacked_100': 53,
'cone_bar_clustered': 102,
'cone_bar_stacked': 103,
'cone_bar_stacked_100': 104,
'cone_col': 105,
'cone_col_clustered': 99,
'cone_col_stacked': 100,
'cone_col_stacked_100': 101,
'cylinder_bar_clustered': 95,
'cylinder_bar_stacked': 96,
'cylinder_bar_stacked_100': 97,
'cylinder_col': 98,
'cylinder_col_clustered': 92,
'cylinder_col_stacked': 93,
'cylinder_col_stacked_100': 94,
'doughnut': -4120,
'doughnut_exploded': 80,
'line': 4,
'line_markers': 65,
'line_markers_stacked': 66,
'line_markers_stacked_100': 67,
'line_stacked': 63,
'line_stacked_100': 64,
'pie': 5,
'pie_exploded': 69,
'pie_of_pie': 68,
'pyramid_bar_clustered': 109,
'pyramid_bar_stacked': 110,
'pyramid_bar_stacked_100': 111,
'pyramid_col': 112,
'pyramid_col_clustered': 106,
'pyramid_col_stacked': 107,
'pyramid_col_stacked_100': 108,
'radar': -4151,
'radar_filled': 82,
'radar_markers': 81,
# 'stock_hlc': 88,
# 'stock_ohlc': 89,
# 'stock_vhlc': 90,
# 'stock_vohlc': 91,
# 'surface': 83,
# 'surface_top_view': 85,
# 'surface_top_view_wireframe': 86,
# 'surface_wireframe': 84,
'xy_scatter': -4169,
'xy_scatter_lines': 74,
'xy_scatter_lines_no_markers': 75,
'xy_scatter_smooth': 72,
'xy_scatter_smooth_no_markers': 73
}
w = 385
h = 241
n = 0
x = 100
y = 10
for i in dic.keys():
xx = x + n % 3*w # 用来生成图表放置的x坐标。
yy = y + n//3*h # 用来生成图表放置的y坐标。
chart = sht.charts.add(xx, yy)
chart.set_source_data(sht.range('A1').expand())
chart.chart_type = i
chart.api[1].ChartTitle.Text = i
n += 1
wb.save('chart_图表')
wb.close()
app.quit()
The effect is as follows:
4.8 Practical training
- xlwings Create a new Excel document
Program example:
# 3.4.2 xlwings 新建 Excle 文档
def fun3_4_2():
"""
visible
Ture：可见excel
False：不可见excel
add_book
True:打开excel并且新建工作簿
False：不新建工作簿
"""
app = xw.App(visible=True, add_book=False)
# 新建工作簿 (如果不接下一条代码的话，Excel只会一闪而过，卖个萌就走了）
wb = app.books.add()
# 保存工作簿
wb.save('example.xlsx')
# 退出工作簿
wb.close()
# 退出Excel
app.quit()
After executing the program, "example.xlsx" is added to the folder: 
the form is empty at this time: 
2. xlwings opens the existing Excel document
The existing form looks like this: 
run the program:
# 3.4.3 xlwings 打开已存在的Excel文件
def fun3_4_3():
# 新建Excle 默认设置：程序可见，只打开不新建工作薄，屏幕更新关闭
app = xw.App(visible=True, add_book=False)
app.display_alerts = False
app.screen_updating = False
# 打开已存在的Excel文件
wb=app.books.open('./3_4 xlwings 修改操作练习.xlsx')
# 保存工作簿
wb.save('example_2.xlsx')
# 退出工作簿
wb.close()
# 退出Excel
app.quit()
Generate a new table: 
the content is as follows: 
3. xlwings read and write Excel
Program example:
# 3.4.4 xlwings读写 Excel
def fun3_4_4():
# 新建Excle 默认设置：程序可见，只打开不新建工作薄，屏幕更新关闭
app = xw.App(visible=True, add_book=False)
app.display_alerts = False
app.screen_updating = False
# 打开已存在的Excel文件
wb=app.books.open('./3_4 xlwings 修改操作练习.xlsx')
# 获取sheet对象
print(wb.sheets)
sheet = wb.sheets[0]
# sheet = wb.sheets["sheet1"]
# 读取Excel信息
cellB1_value = sheet.range('B1').value
print("单元格B1内容为：",cellB1_value)
# 清除单元格内容和格式
sheet.range('A1').clear()
# 写入单元格
sheet.range('A1').value = "xlwings写入"
# 保存工作簿
wb.save('example_3.xlsx')
# 退出工作簿
wb.close()
# 退出Excel
app.quit()
Execution effect:
4.9 For more details, please refer to
xlwingsofficial documentation
Plug in the wings and let Excel fly - xlwings (1)
Insert wings and let Excel fly - xlwings (2)
Insert wings and let Excel fly - xlwings (3)
Insert wings and let Excel fly - xlwings (4)
Interaction between Python and Excel - Xlwings
5 Python openpyxl read write modify operation Excel
In openpyxl, three concepts are mainly used: Workbooks, Sheets, and Cells.
Workbook is an excel worksheet;
Sheet is a table page in the worksheet;
Cell is a simple lattice.
openpyxl revolves around these three concepts, regardless of reading and writing are "three tricks": open the Workbook, locate the Sheet, and operate the Cell.
Official documentation: https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
Official example:
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
# grab the active worksheet
ws = wb.active
# Data can be assigned directly to cells
ws['A1'] = 42
# Rows can also be appended
ws.append([1, 2, 3])
# Python types will automatically be converted
import datetime
ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now()
# Save the file
wb.save("sample.xlsx")
5.1 Basic operation of openpyxl
1. Install
pip install openpyxl
because I have already installed it, so the following information is prompted: 
2. Open the file
(1) Create a new one
from openpyxl import Workbook
# 实例化
wb = Workbook()
# 激活 worksheet
ws = wb.active
(2) Open the existing
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('文件名称.xlsx')
3. Write data
# 方式一：数据可以直接分配到单元格中(可以输入公式)
ws['A1'] = 42
# 方式二：可以附加行，从第一列开始附加(从最下方空白处，最左开始)(可以输入多行)
ws.append([1, 2, 3])
# 方式三：Python 类型会被自动转换
ws['A3'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
4. Create a table (sheet)
# 方式一：插入到最后(default)
ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet")
# 方式二：插入到最开始的位置
ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0)
5. Select the table (sheet)
# sheet 名称可以作为 key 进行索引
>>> ws3 = wb["New Title"]
>>> ws4 = wb.get_sheet_by_name("New Title")
>>> ws is ws3 is ws4
True
6. View the table name (sheet)
# 显示所有表名
>>> print(wb.sheetnames)
['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']
# 遍历所有表
>>> for sheet in wb:
... print(sheet.title)
7. Access to cells (cell)
(1) Single cell access
# 方法一
>>> c = ws['A4']
# 方法二：row 行；column 列
>>> d = ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)
# 方法三：只要访问就创建
>>> for i in range(1,101):
... for j in range(1,101):
... ws.cell(row=i, column=j)
(2) Multiple cell access
# 通过切片
>>> cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']
# 通过行(列)
>>> colC = ws['C']
>>> col_range = ws['C:D']
>>> row10 = ws[10]
>>> row_range = ws[5:10]
# 通过指定范围(行 → 行)
>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in row:
... print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>
# 通过指定范围(列 → 列)
>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in row:
... print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>
# 遍历所有 方法一
>>> ws = wb.active
>>> ws['C9'] = 'hello world'
>>> tuple(ws.rows)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>),
(<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>),
...
(<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>),
(<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
# 遍历所有 方法二
>>> tuple(ws.columns)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>,
<Cell Sheet.A2>,
<Cell Sheet.A3>,
...
<Cell Sheet.B7>,
<Cell Sheet.B8>,
<Cell Sheet.B9>),
(<Cell Sheet.C1>,
...
<Cell Sheet.C8>,
<Cell Sheet.C9>))
8. Save data
wb.save('文件名称.xlsx')
9. Others
(1) Change the color of the sheet label button
ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA" # 色值为RGB16进制值
(2) Get the largest row, the largest column
# 获得最大列和最大行
print(sheet.max_row)
print(sheet.max_column)
(3) Get each row and column
sheet.rows is a generator, which contains the data of each row, and each row is wrapped by a tuple.
sheet.columns is similar, but inside each tuple is the cell of each column.
# 因为按行，所以返回A1, B1, C1这样的顺序
for row in sheet.rows:
for cell in row:
print(cell.value)
# A1, A2, A3这样的顺序
for column in sheet.columns:
for cell in column:
print(cell.value)
(4) Get letters from numbers and numbers from letters
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter, column_index_from_string
# 根据列的数字返回字母
print(get_column_letter(2)) # B
# 根据字母返回列的数字
print(column_index_from_string('D')) # 4
(5) Delete the worksheet
# 方式一
wb.remove(sheet)
# 方式二
del wb[sheet]
(6) Matrix permutation
rows = [
['Number', 'data1', 'data2'],
[2, 40, 30],
[3, 40, 25],
[4, 50, 30],
[5, 30, 10],
[6, 25, 5],
[7, 50, 10]]
list(zip(*rows))
# out
[('Number', 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7),
('data1', 40, 40, 50, 30, 25, 50),
('data2', 30, 25, 30, 10, 5, 10)]
# 注意 方法会舍弃缺少数据的列(行)
rows = [
['Number', 'data1', 'data2'],
[2, 40 ], # 这里少一个数据
[3, 40, 25],
[4, 50, 30],
[5, 30, 10],
[6, 25, 5],
[7, 50, 10],
]
# out
[('Number', 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), ('data1', 40, 40, 50, 30, 25, 50)]
10. Set the cell style
(1) Classes that need to be imported
from openpyxl.styles import Font, colors, Alignment
(2) Font
The following code specifies the number 24 of the line, bold and italic, and the font color is red. Directly use the font property of the cell and assign the Font object to it.
bold_itatic_24_font = Font(name='等线', size=24, italic=True, color=colors.RED, bold=True)
sheet['A1'].font = bold_itatic_24_font
(3) Alignment
is also directly using the attribute alignment of the cell, where vertical centering and horizontal centering are specified. In addition to center, you can also use parameters such as right, left, etc.
# 设置B1中的数据垂直居中和水平居中
sheet['B1'].alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
(4) Set row height and column width
# 第2行行高
sheet.row_dimensions[2].height = 40
# C列列宽
sheet.column_dimensions['C'].width = 30
(5) Merging and splitting cells The
so-called merged cells refer to the cell in the upper left corner of the merged area as the benchmark, covering other cells to make it a large cell.
Instead, return the value of the large cell to its original top-left position after splitting the cell.
# 合并单元格， 往左上角写入数据即可
sheet.merge_cells('B1:G1') # 合并一行中的几个单元格
sheet.merge_cells('A1:C3') # 合并一个矩形区域中的单元格
After merging, data can only be written to the upper left corner, that is, the coordinates on the left in the interval.
If the cells to be merged have data, only the data in the upper left corner will be kept, and the others will be discarded. In other words, if data is not written in the upper left corner before merging, there will be no data in the cell after merging.
Below is the code to split the cell. After splitting, the value goes back to the A1 position
sheet.unmerge_cells('A1:C3')
5.2 openpyxl generates 2D charts
Sample code:
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Series, Reference
wb = Workbook(write_only=True)
ws = wb.create_sheet()
rows = [
('Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2'),
(2, 10, 30),
(3, 40, 60),
(4, 50, 70),
(5, 20, 10),
(6, 10, 40),
(7, 50, 30),
]
for row in rows:
ws.append(row)
chart1 = BarChart()
chart1.type = "col"
chart1.style = 10
chart1.title = "Bar Chart"
chart1.y_axis.title = 'Test number'
chart1.x_axis.title = 'Sample length (mm)'
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=7, max_col=3)
cats = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=7)
chart1.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
chart1.set_categories(cats)
chart1.shape = 4
ws.add_chart(chart1, "A10")
from copy import deepcopy
chart2 = deepcopy(chart1)
chart2.style = 11
chart2.type = "bar"
chart2.title = "Horizontal Bar Chart"
ws.add_chart(chart2, "G10")
chart3 = deepcopy(chart1)
chart3.type = "col"
chart3.style = 12
chart3.grouping = "stacked"
chart3.overlap = 100
chart3.title = 'Stacked Chart'
ws.add_chart(chart3, "A27")
chart4 = deepcopy(chart1)
chart4.type = "bar"
chart4.style = 13
chart4.grouping = "percentStacked"
chart4.overlap = 100
chart4.title = 'Percent Stacked Chart'
ws.add_chart(chart4, "G27")
wb.save("bar.xlsx")
The effect is as follows:
5.3 openpyxl generates 3D charts
Sample code:
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import (
Reference,
Series,
BarChart3D,
)
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
rows = [
(None, 2013, 2014),
("Apples", 5, 4),
("Oranges", 6, 2),
("Pears", 8, 3)
]
for row in rows:
ws.append(row)
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=4)
titles = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=4)
chart = BarChart3D()
chart.title = "3D Bar Chart"
chart.add_data(data=data, titles_from_data=True)
chart.set_categories(titles)
ws.add_chart(chart, "E5")
wb.save("bar3d.xlsx")
The effect is as follows:
5.4 Practical training
1. openpyxl creates new Excel
Program example:
# 3.5.2 openpyxl 新建Excel
def fun3_5_2():
wb = Workbook()
# 注意：该函数调用工作表的索引(_active_sheet_index)，默认是0。
# 除非你修改了这个值，否则你使用该函数一直是在对第一张工作表进行操作。
ws = wb.active
# 设置sheet名称
ws.title = "New Title"
# 设置sheet颜色
ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"
# 保存表格
wb.save('保存一个新的excel.xlsx')
Execution effect: 
and set the title and background color of the sheet: 
2. openpyxl opens the existing Excel
Program example:
# 3.5.3 openpyxl 打开已存在Excel
def fun3_5_3():
wb = load_workbook("./3_5 openpyxl 修改操作练习.xlsx")
# 注意：该函数调用工作表的索引(_active_sheet_index)，默认是0。
# 除非你修改了这个值，否则你使用该函数一直是在对第一张工作表进行操作。
ws = wb.active
# 保存表格
wb.save('copy.xlsx')
The effect is as follows: 
3. openpyxl read and write Excel
Program example:
# 3.5.4 openpyxl 读写Excel
def fun3_5_4():
wb = load_workbook("./3_5 openpyxl 修改操作练习.xlsx")
# 注意：该函数调用工作表的索引(_active_sheet_index)，默认是0。
# 除非你修改了这个值，否则你使用该函数一直是在对第一张工作表进行操作。
ws = wb.active
# 读取单元格信息
cellB2_value = ws['B2'].value
print("单元格B2内容为：",cellB2_value)
# 写入单元格
ws['A1'].value = "OPENPYXL"
# 保存表格
wb.save('copy.xlsx')
Results of the:
6 Python xlswriter write operation Excel
XlsxWriter is a python module for writing Excel2007 and xlsx file formats. It can be used to write text, numbers, formulas and supports cell formatting, pictures, charts, document configuration, automatic filtering and other features
Advantages: more functions, high-fidelity documents, extended format types, faster and configurable Disadvantages: cannot be used to read and modify excel files
Official documentation: https://xlsxwriter.readthedocs.io/
6.1 Basic operation of xlswriter
1. Install the xlswriter module
pip install XlsxWriter
Since I have already installed it, it prompts that it has been installed: 
2. Create an excel file
# 创建文件
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook("new_excel.xlsx")
3. Create a sheet
# 创建sheet
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet("first_sheet")
4. Write data
(1) Write text
# 法一：
worksheet.write('A1', 'write something')
# 法二：
worksheet.write(1, 0, 'hello world')
(2) Write numbers
# 写入数字
worksheet.write(0, 1, 32)
worksheet.write(1, 1, 32.3)
(3) Write function
worksheet.write(2, 1, '=sum(B1:B2)')
(4) Write pictures
# 插入图片
worksheet.insert_image(0, 5, 'test.png')
worksheet.insert_image(0, 5, 'test.png', {'url': 'http://httpbin.org/'})
(5) Write date
# 写入日期
d = workbook.add_format({'num_format': 'yyyy-mm-dd'})
worksheet.write(0, 2, datetime.datetime.strptime('2017-09-13', '%Y-%m-%d'), d)
(6) Set row and column attributes
# 设置行属性，行高设置为40
worksheet.set_row(0, 40)
# 设置列属性，把A到B列宽设置为20
worksheet.set_column('A:B', 20)
5. Custom format
Common format:
font color: color
font bold: bold
font size: font_site
date format: num_format
hyperlink: url
underline setting: underline
cell color: bg_color
border: border
alignment: align
# 自定义格式
f = workbook.add_format({'border': 1, 'font_size': 13, 'bold': True, 'align': 'center','bg_color': 'cccccc'})
worksheet.write('A3', "python excel", f)
worksheet.set_row(0, 40, f)
worksheet.set_column('A:E', 20, f)
6. Write data to cells in batches
# 批量往单元格写入数据
worksheet.write_column('A15', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) # 列写入，从A15开始
worksheet.write_row('A12', [6, 7, 8, 9]) # 行写入，从A12开始
7. Merge cell write
# 合并单元格写入
worksheet.merge_range(7,5, 11, 8, 'merge_range')
8. Close the file
workbook.close()
6.3 xlswriter generates a line chart
Sample code:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import xlsxwriter
# 创建一个excel
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook("chart_line.xlsx")
# 创建一个sheet
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet("bug_analysis")
# 自定义样式，加粗
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
# --------1、准备数据并写入excel---------------
# 向excel中写入数据，建立图标时要用到
headings = ['Number', 'testA', 'testB']
data = [
['2017-9-1', '2017-9-2', '2017-9-3', '2017-9-4', '2017-9-5', '2017-9-6'],
[10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50],
[30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],
]
# 写入表头
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
# 写入数据
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])
# --------2、生成图表并插入到excel---------------
# 创建一个柱状图(line chart)
chart_col = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'line'})
# 配置第一个系列数据
chart_col.add_series({
# 这里的sheet1是默认的值，因为我们在新建sheet时没有指定sheet名
# 如果我们新建sheet时设置了sheet名，这里就要设置成相应的值
'name': '=Sheet1!$B$1',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
'line': {'color': 'red'},
})
# 配置第二个系列数据
chart_col.add_series({
'name': '=Sheet1!$C$1',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
'line': {'color': 'yellow'},
})
# 配置第二个系列数据(用了另一种语法)
# chart_col.add_series({
# 'name': ['Sheet1', 0, 2],
# 'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0],
# 'values': ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2],
# 'line': {'color': 'yellow'},
# })
# 设置图表的title 和 x，y轴信息
chart_col.set_title({'name': 'The xxx site Bug Analysis'})
chart_col.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
chart_col.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
# 设置图表的风格
chart_col.set_style(1)
# 把图表插入到worksheet并设置偏移
worksheet.insert_chart('A10', chart_col, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
workbook.close()
The effect is as follows:
6.4 xlswriter generates histogram
Sample code:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import xlsxwriter
# 创建一个excel
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook("chart_column.xlsx")
# 创建一个sheet
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet("bug_analysis")
# 自定义样式，加粗
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
# --------1、准备数据并写入excel---------------
# 向excel中写入数据，建立图标时要用到
headings = ['Number', 'testA', 'testB']
data = [
['2017-9-1', '2017-9-2', '2017-9-3', '2017-9-4', '2017-9-5', '2017-9-6'],
[10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50],
[30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],
]
# 写入表头
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
# 写入数据
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])
# --------2、生成图表并插入到excel---------------
# 创建一个柱状图(column chart)
chart_col = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})
# 配置第一个系列数据
chart_col.add_series({
# 这里的sheet1是默认的值，因为我们在新建sheet时没有指定sheet名
# 如果我们新建sheet时设置了sheet名，这里就要设置成相应的值
'name': '=Sheet1!$B$1',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
'line': {'color': 'red'},
})
# 配置第二个系列数据(用了另一种语法)
chart_col.add_series({
'name': '=Sheet1!$C$1',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
'line': {'color': 'yellow'},
})
# 配置第二个系列数据(用了另一种语法)
# chart_col.add_series({
# 'name': ['Sheet1', 0, 2],
# 'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0],
# 'values': ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2],
# 'line': {'color': 'yellow'},
# })
# 设置图表的title 和 x，y轴信息
chart_col.set_title({'name': 'The xxx site Bug Analysis'})
chart_col.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
chart_col.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
# 设置图表的风格
chart_col.set_style(1)
# 把图表插入到worksheet以及偏移
worksheet.insert_chart('A10', chart_col, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
workbook.close()
The effect is as follows:
6.5 xlswriter generates pie chart
Sample code:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import xlsxwriter
# 创建一个excel
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook("chart_pie.xlsx")
# 创建一个sheet
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# 自定义样式，加粗
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
# --------1、准备数据并写入excel---------------
# 向excel中写入数据，建立图标时要用到
data = [
['closed', 'active', 'reopen', 'NT'],
[1012, 109, 123, 131],
]
# 写入数据
worksheet.write_row('A1', data[0], bold)
worksheet.write_row('A2', data[1])
# --------2、生成图表并插入到excel---------------
# 创建一个柱状图(pie chart)
chart_col = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'pie'})
# 配置第一个系列数据
chart_col.add_series({
'name': 'Bug Analysis',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$1:$D$1',
'values': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$D$2',
'points': [
{'fill': {'color': '#00CD00'}},
{'fill': {'color': 'red'}},
{'fill': {'color': 'yellow'}},
{'fill': {'color': 'gray'}},
],
})
# 设置图表的title 和 x，y轴信息
chart_col.set_title({'name': 'Bug Analysis'})
# 设置图表的风格
chart_col.set_style(10)
# 把图表插入到worksheet以及偏移
worksheet.insert_chart('B10', chart_col, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
workbook.close()
The effect is as follows:
6.6 Practical training
1.xlswriter creates and writes to Excel
Program example:
# 3.6.2 xlswriter新建并写入Excel
def fun3_6_2():
# 创建Exce并添加sheet
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('demo.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# 设置列宽
worksheet.set_column('A:A', 20)
# 设置格式
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': True})
# 添加文字内容
worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello')
# 按格式添加内容
worksheet.write('A2', 'World', bold)
# 写一些数字
worksheet.write(2, 0, 123)
worksheet.write(3, 0, 123.456)
# 添加图片
worksheet.insert_image('B5', 'demo.png')
workbook.close()
The effect is as follows:
7 Python win32com read write modify operation Excel
Python can use a third-party library called win32com to achieve the purpose of operating com. win32com is powerful and can operate word, call macros, and so on.
7.1 pip install win32com
pip install pypiwin32
Since I have already installed it, it prompts that it has been installed:
7.2 Python uses win32com to read and write Excel
Program example:
import win32com
from win32com.client import Dispatch, constants
import os
# 获取当前脚本路径
def getScriptPath():
nowpath = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]
print(nowpath)
return nowpath
# 3.7.2 Python使用win32com读写Excel
def fun3_7_2():
app = win32com.client.Dispatch('Excel.Application')
# 后台运行，不显示，不警告
app.Visible = 0
app.DisplayAlerts = 0
# 创建新的Excel
# WorkBook = app.Workbooks.Add()
# 新建sheet
# sheet = WorkBook.Worksheets.Add()
# 打开已存在表格，注意这里要用绝对路径
WorkBook = app.Workbooks.Open(getScriptPath() + "\\3_7 win32com 修改操作练习.xlsx")
sheet = WorkBook.Worksheets('Sheet1')
# 获取单元格信息 第n行n列，不用-1
cell01_value = sheet.Cells(1,2).Value
print("cell01的内容为：",cell01_value)
# 写入表格信息
sheet.Cells(2, 1).Value = "win32com"
# 保存表格
#WorkBook.Save()
# 另存为实现拷贝
WorkBook.SaveAs(getScriptPath() + "\\new.xlsx")
# 关闭表格
WorkBook.Close()
app.Quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
fun3_7_2()
The effect is as follows: 
the content is:
8 Python pandas read and write operations Excel
Introduction:
pandas is a NumPy-based tool created to solve data analysis tasks. Pandas incorporates a large number of libraries and some standard data models, providing the tools needed to efficiently manipulate large datasets. pandas provides a large number of functions and methods that allow us to process data quickly and easily. As you'll soon discover, it's one of the things that makes Python a powerful and efficient data analysis environment.
Official website: https://pandas.pydata.org/
Chinese website: https://www.pypandas.cn/
Official document: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/
8.1 pip install pandas
pip install pandas
8.2 Pandas read and write Excel
The content of the table is as follows: 
Program example:
import pandas as pd
from pandas import DataFrame
# 3.8.2 pandas读写Excel
def fun3_8_2():
data = pd.read_excel('3_8 pandas 修改操作练习.xlsx', sheet_name='Sheet1')
print(data)
# 增加行数据，在第5行新增
data.loc[4] = ['4', 'john', 'pandas']
# 增加列数据，给定默认值None
data['new_col'] = None
# 保存数据
DataFrame(data).to_excel('new.xlsx', sheet_name='Sheet1', index=False, header=True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
fun3_8_2()
The effect is as follows:
The generated excel is as follows: 
pandas is very powerful, here is just a very simple example, there are many other operations, you can refer to the official document or quick start to learn.