15 Practical Linux - RPM and YUM

Language 2023-08-25 18:16:44 views: null

15 Practical Linux - RPM and YUM

Article directory

  1. "Bird Brother's Linux Private Kitchen Basic Learning Chapter 4th Edition" 1
  2. "Brother Bird's Linux Private Kitchen Server Setup Third Edition" 2
  3. "Han Shunping_2021 Graphical Linux Comprehensive Upgrade" 3

  When installing a program installation package under the Windows system, a xxxxsetup.exesoftware is often downloaded, such as the file package downloaded from the official download interface of the WeChat version for Windows.WeChatSetup.exe . However, it can be found that during the installation process, xxxxsetup.exethe software has done many things, such as downloading many smaller program files, writing the program to disk, modifying the registry, etc. This series of operations does not need to be completed manually by the user. xxxxsetup.exeThe program itself handles the complex dependencies between these program files.

  In the Linux learning in the previous chapters, many instructions can only do one thing at a time. If the user wants to install a program software, shouldn't the user manually download all the dependent software of the program, and then manually install them one by one? This is obviously not realistic, so there is a "package management" command, rpmand CentOS7 mainly yummanages these two package software. The management of the two packages has its own advantages, and the main differences are:

  1. The operation granularity required by rpm is relatively fine, and the user needs to do more things.
  2. Yum is easy to use but needs to be connected to the Internet. Yum will go to the yum package source on the Internet to obtain the required software packages.

You can refer to:
Zhihu article " What is rpm ",
CSDN blog post " Detailed explanation of rpm and yum "

15.1 Management of rpm packages

15.1.1 Query rpm package

  First, let’s make a basic introduction. rpm (RedHat Package Manager, RedHat Package Management Tool) is a widely used package manager under Linux, which generates .rpmfiles with extensions. The official website is "http://rpm.org/" . Many distribution versions of linux (such as suse , redhat , centos, etc.) use rpm, so rpm can be regarded as a recognized industry standard. Note that rpm is only suitable for installing software packaged with rpm, but rpm is currently one of the types of software packages with the most abundant software package resources under GNU/Linux.

This section first introduces the rpm query command, the following is its basic syntax:

# 基本语法-rpm
rpm [选项...]

# 常见用法-rpm查询
rpm -qa [| grep xxx]       # 查询所安装的所有rpm软件包
rpm -q  软件包名            # 查询软件包是否安装
rpm -qi 软件包名            # 查询软件包信息
rpm -ql 软件包名            # 查询软件包中的文件
rpm -qf 文件全路径名        # 查询文件所属的软件包
rpm --help                 # 查看中文帮助

# rpm包名基本格式-示例及解析
firefox-60.2.2-1.el7.centos.x86_64
firefox             名称
60.2.2-1            版本号
el7.centos.x86_64   适用操作系统。表示centos7.x的64位系统，如果是i686、i386表示32位系统，noarch表示通用。

Four application cases are shown below:
[Case 1] Check whether the firefox browser is installed in the current system.

# 使用选项-qa
[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -qa | grep firefox
firefox-68.10.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -qa | grep firefoxxx
# 上一行不会返回内容

# 使用选项-q
[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -q firefox
firefox-68.10.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -q firefoxxx
未安装软件包 firefoxxx

[Case 2] View all information of the firefox browser installation package.

[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -qi firefox
Name        : firefox
Version     : 68.10.0
Release     : 1.el7.centos
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: 2023年07月13日 星期四 17时09分28秒
Group       : Unspecified
Size        : 241030932
License     : MPLv1.1 or GPLv2+ or LGPLv2+
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, 2020年07月09日 星期四 00时21分14秒, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM  : firefox-68.10.0-1.el7.centos.src.rpm
Build Date  : 2020年07月08日 星期三 02时51分10秒
Build Host  : x86-01.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor      : CentOS
URL         : https://www.mozilla.org/firefox/
Summary     : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
Description :
Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser, designed for standards
compliance, performance and portability.

[Case 3] Check which files are generated after the firefox browser is installed.

[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -ql firefox
/etc/firefox
/etc/firefox/pref
/usr/bin/firefox
/usr/lib64/firefox
/usr/lib64/firefox/LICENSE
/usr/lib64/firefox/application.ini
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/blocklist.xml
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/chrome
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/chrome.manifest
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/chrome/icons
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/chrome/icons/default
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/chrome/icons/default/default128.png
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/chrome/icons/default/default16.png
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/chrome/icons/default/default32.png
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/chrome/icons/default/default48.png
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/chrome/icons/default/default64.png
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/defaults/preferences
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/features/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/features/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/features/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/features/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/features/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/browser/omni.ja
/usr/lib64/firefox/chrome.manifest
/usr/lib64/firefox/defaults/pref/channel-prefs.js
/usr/lib64/firefox/defaults/preferences/all-redhat.js
/usr/lib64/firefox/dependentlibs.list
/usr/lib64/firefox/dictionaries
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/distribution.ini
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]
/usr/lib64/firefox/firefox
/usr/lib64/firefox/firefox-bin
/usr/lib64/firefox/fonts/TwemojiMozilla.ttf
/usr/lib64/firefox/gmp-clearkey
/usr/lib64/firefox/gmp-clearkey/0.1
/usr/lib64/firefox/gmp-clearkey/0.1/libclearkey.so
/usr/lib64/firefox/gmp-clearkey/0.1/manifest.json
/usr/lib64/firefox/gtk2/libmozgtk.so
/usr/lib64/firefox/liblgpllibs.so
/usr/lib64/firefox/libmozavcodec.so
/usr/lib64/firefox/libmozavutil.so
/usr/lib64/firefox/libmozgtk.so
/usr/lib64/firefox/libmozsandbox.so
/usr/lib64/firefox/libmozsqlite3.so
/usr/lib64/firefox/libmozwayland.so
/usr/lib64/firefox/libxul.so
/usr/lib64/firefox/omni.ja
/usr/lib64/firefox/pingsender
/usr/lib64/firefox/platform.ini
/usr/lib64/firefox/plugin-container
/usr/lib64/firefox/run-mozilla.sh
/usr/lib64/mozilla/extensions/{
    
    ec8030f7-c20a-464f-9b0e-13a3a9e97384}
/usr/share/appdata/firefox.appdata.xml
/usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/22x22/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/symbolic/apps/firefox-symbolic.svg
/usr/share/man/man1/firefox.1.gz
/usr/share/mozilla/extensions/{
    
    ec8030f7-c20a-464f-9b0e-13a3a9e97384}

[Case 4] View /etc/passwdand /usr/share/man/man1/firefox.1.gzwhich software package the files belong to.

[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -qf /etc/passwd
setup-2.8.71-11.el7.noarch
[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -qf /usr/share/man/man1/firefox.1.gz
firefox-68.10.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64

15.1.2 Uninstall and install rpm package

  The previous section introduced the basic concepts of rpm and how to query rpm packages. This section introduces how to uninstall and install rpm packages. Here is the basic syntax:

# 基本语法-rpm卸载
rpm -e RPM包的名称  # 卸载相关的rpm包

# 基本语法-rpm安装
rpm -ivh RPM包全路径名称
# 参数说明-rpm
i=install安装
v=verbose提示
h=hash进度条

Note that when deleting the rpm package, if other packages depend on the package you want to uninstall, an error message will be generated during uninstallation. If you still want to forcibly delete the rpm package, --nodepsyou can force delete it by adding parameters. However, this may cause the programs that depend on the package to fail to run. It is generally not recommended to forcibly delete the rpm package .

rpm-e foo                                                                     # 卸载foo
removing these packages would break dependencies:foo is needed by bar-1.0-1   # 报错，提示依赖关系
rpm -e --nodeps foo                                                           # 无视报错，强制卸载

The following shows an application case:
[Case 1] Demonstrates the uninstallation and installation of firefox browser.

Tip: It is recommended to operate in the terminal of the graphical interface, so that you can observe the disappearance and appearance of the firefox icon above.
Tip - Find the firefox installation package: the firefox installation package CentOS 7 x86_64can be found on the graphical desktop –> double-click the CD-ROM drive –> Packages –> enter “firefox” in the upper magnifying glass. After finding it, it is recommended to put it in the /opt directory to facilitate future search.
Tip - The desktop displays the CD-ROM drive: If there is no CD-ROM on the desktop, right-click the virtual machine name –> Settings –> CD/DVD –> Device Status, check “Connected”, check the connection option “Use ISO image file” and add the installation virtual machine When the ISO file -> OK, wait a moment and the CD-ROM will appear on the desktop.

# 卸载Firefox
[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -q firefox
firefox-68.10.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -e firefox
警告：文件 /usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]: 移除失败: 没有那个文件或目录
警告：文件 /usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]: 移除失败: 没有那个文件或目录
# 中间有很多，我就直接省略了。
警告：文件 /usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]: 移除失败: 没有那个文件或目录
警告：文件 /usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions: 移除失败: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -q firefox
未安装软件包 firefox 

# 安装Firefox
[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -ivh /opt/firefox-68.10.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
警告：/opt/firefox-68.10.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:firefox-68.10.0-1.el7.centos     ################################# [100%]
[root@CentOS76 ~]#

15.2 yum

  In the above introduction rpm, it can be found that it needs to specify xxx.rpmthe file address of the installation file to install it, which is too troublesome. Is there an instruction that allows the user to just enter the name of the software to be installed and then install it with one click? The answer is yum. Yum is a shell front-end package manager based on RPM package management, which can automatically download and install rpm packages from a specified server, automatically handle dependencies, and download and install all dependent packages at one time. There is a dedicated yum server on the Internet, which stores many rpm packages that may be needed under Linux, which is equivalent to an application store on a mobile phone. But note that only three Linux distributions, Fedora, RedHat, and CentOS, can be used directly yum, and other distributions require some additional configuration . Here is the basic syntax:

# 基本语法-yum
yum [options] COMMAND

# 常见用法
yum list | grep xxx     # 查询yum服务器是否有需要安装的软件
yum install xxx         # 下载并安装指定的yum包

The following shows an application case:
[Case 1] Use rpm to delete firefox, and then use yum to install firefox.

# 1.删除Firefox
[root@CentOS76 ~]# yum list firefox
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nyist.edu.cn
 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.nyist.edu.cn
已安装的软件包
firefox.x86_64                         68.10.0-1.el7.centos                          @anaconda
可安装的软件包
firefox.i686                           102.12.0-1.el7.centos                         updates  
firefox.x86_64                         102.12.0-1.el7.centos                         updates  
[root@CentOS76 ~]# rpm -e firefox
警告：文件 /usr/lib64/firefox/distribution/extensions/[email protected]: 移除失败: 没有那个文件或目录
# 还有很多警告就忽略



# 2.重新安装Firefox
[root@CentOS76 ~]# yum list | grep firefox
firefox.i686                                102.12.0-1.el7.centos      updates  
firefox.x86_64                              102.12.0-1.el7.centos      updates  
[root@CentOS76 ~]# yum install firefox
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nyist.edu.cn
 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.nyist.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 firefox.x86_64.0.102.12.0-1.el7.centos 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nss >= 3.79，它被软件包 firefox-102.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nspr >= 4.34，它被软件包 firefox-102.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libnss3.so(NSS_3.79)(64bit)，它被软件包 firefox-102.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libnss3.so(NSS_3.58)(64bit)，它被软件包 firefox-102.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libnss3.so(NSS_3.55)(64bit)，它被软件包 firefox-102.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libnss3.so(NSS_3.52)(64bit)，它被软件包 firefox-102.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libnss3.so(NSS_3.47)(64bit)，它被软件包 firefox-102.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libnss3.so(NSS_3.45)(64bit)，它被软件包 firefox-102.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nspr.x86_64.0.4.21.0-1.el7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 nspr.x86_64.0.4.34.0-3.1.el7_9 将被 更新
---> 软件包 nss.x86_64.0.3.44.0-7.el7_7 将被 升级
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nss = 3.44.0-7.el7_7，它被软件包 nss-sysinit-3.44.0-7.el7_7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nss(x86-64) = 3.44.0-7.el7_7，它被软件包 nss-tools-3.44.0-7.el7_7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 nss.x86_64.0.3.79.0-5.el7_9 将被 更新
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nss-util >= 3.79.0-1，它被软件包 nss-3.79.0-5.el7_9.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nss-softokn(x86-64) >= 3.79.0-1，它被软件包 nss-3.79.0-5.el7_9.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libnssutil3.so(NSSUTIL_3.59)(64bit)，它被软件包 nss-3.79.0-5.el7_9.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nss-softokn.x86_64.0.3.44.0-8.el7_7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 nss-softokn.x86_64.0.3.79.0-4.el7_9 将被 更新
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nss-softokn-freebl(x86-64) >= 3.79.0-4.el7_9，它被软件包 nss-softokn-3.79.0-4.el7_9.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 nss-sysinit.x86_64.0.3.44.0-7.el7_7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 nss-sysinit.x86_64.0.3.79.0-5.el7_9 将被 更新
---> 软件包 nss-tools.x86_64.0.3.44.0-7.el7_7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 nss-tools.x86_64.0.3.79.0-5.el7_9 将被 更新
---> 软件包 nss-util.x86_64.0.3.44.0-4.el7_7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 nss-util.x86_64.0.3.79.0-1.el7_9 将被 更新
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64.0.3.44.0-8.el7_7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64.0.3.79.0-4.el7_9 将被 更新
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

==============================================================================================
 Package                   架构          版本                            源              大小
==============================================================================================
正在安装:
 firefox                   x86_64        102.12.0-1.el7.centos           updates        110 M
为依赖而更新:
 nspr                      x86_64        4.34.0-3.1.el7_9                updates        128 k
 nss                       x86_64        3.79.0-5.el7_9                  updates        895 k
 nss-softokn               x86_64        3.79.0-4.el7_9                  updates        379 k
 nss-softokn-freebl        x86_64        3.79.0-4.el7_9                  updates        337 k
 nss-sysinit               x86_64        3.79.0-5.el7_9                  updates         66 k
 nss-tools                 x86_64        3.79.0-5.el7_9                  updates        555 k
 nss-util                  x86_64        3.79.0-1.el7_9                  updates         80 k

事务概要
==============================================================================================
安装  1 软件包
升级           ( 7 依赖软件包)

总计：112 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/nss-3.79.0-5.el7_9.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
 用户ID     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <[email protected]>"
 指纹       : 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
 软件包     : centos-release-7-9.2009.0.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
 来自       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
是否继续？[y/N]：y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
  正在更新    : nspr-4.34.0-3.1.el7_9.x86_64                                             1/15 
  正在更新    : nss-util-3.79.0-1.el7_9.x86_64                                           2/15 
  正在更新    : nss-softokn-freebl-3.79.0-4.el7_9.x86_64                                 3/15 
  正在更新    : nss-softokn-3.79.0-4.el7_9.x86_64                                        4/15 
  正在更新    : nss-sysinit-3.79.0-5.el7_9.x86_64                                        5/15 
  正在更新    : nss-3.79.0-5.el7_9.x86_64                                                6/15 
  正在安装    : firefox-102.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64                                     7/15 
  正在更新    : nss-tools-3.79.0-5.el7_9.x86_64                                          8/15 
  清理        : nss-tools-3.44.0-7.el7_7.x86_64                                          9/15 
  清理        : nss-sysinit-3.44.0-7.el7_7.x86_64                                       10/15 
  清理        : nss-3.44.0-7.el7_7.x86_64                                               11/15 
  清理        : nss-softokn-3.44.0-8.el7_7.x86_64                                       12/15 
  清理        : nss-softokn-freebl-3.44.0-8.el7_7.x86_64                                13/15 
  清理        : nss-util-3.44.0-4.el7_7.x86_64                                          14/15 
  清理        : nspr-4.21.0-1.el7.x86_64                                                15/15 
  验证中      : nss-3.79.0-5.el7_9.x86_64                                                1/15 
  验证中      : nss-util-3.79.0-1.el7_9.x86_64                                           2/15 
  验证中      : firefox-102.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64                                     3/15 
  验证中      : nss-softokn-freebl-3.79.0-4.el7_9.x86_64                                 4/15 
  验证中      : nspr-4.34.0-3.1.el7_9.x86_64                                             5/15 
  验证中      : nss-softokn-3.79.0-4.el7_9.x86_64                                        6/15 
  验证中      : nss-tools-3.79.0-5.el7_9.x86_64                                          7/15 
  验证中      : nss-sysinit-3.79.0-5.el7_9.x86_64                                        8/15 
  验证中      : nss-softokn-freebl-3.44.0-8.el7_7.x86_64                                 9/15 
  验证中      : nss-sysinit-3.44.0-7.el7_7.x86_64                                       10/15 
  验证中      : nss-tools-3.44.0-7.el7_7.x86_64                                         11/15 
  验证中      : nss-3.44.0-7.el7_7.x86_64                                               12/15 
  验证中      : nss-util-3.44.0-4.el7_7.x86_64                                          13/15 
  验证中      : nspr-4.21.0-1.el7.x86_64                                                14/15 
  验证中      : nss-softokn-3.44.0-8.el7_7.x86_64                                       15/15 

已安装:
  firefox.x86_64 0:102.12.0-1.el7.centos                                                      

作为依赖被升级:
  nspr.x86_64 0:4.34.0-3.1.el7_9             nss.x86_64 0:3.79.0-5.el7_9                      
  nss-softokn.x86_64 0:3.79.0-4.el7_9        nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 0:3.79.0-4.el7_9       
  nss-sysinit.x86_64 0:3.79.0-5.el7_9        nss-tools.x86_64 0:3.79.0-5.el7_9                
  nss-util.x86_64 0:3.79.0-1.el7_9          

完毕！
[root@CentOS76 ~]#

  1. "Bird Brother's Linux Private Kitchen Basic Learning Chapter 4th Edition" ↩︎

  2. "Bird Brother's Linux Private Kitchen Server Setup Third Edition" ↩︎

  3. "Han Shunping_2021 Illustrated Linux Comprehensive Upgrade" ↩︎

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