Article directory
- 1. Application installation
- 2. RPM package management tool
- 3. Use the yum tool to achieve quick installation
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- 1. The file location filled in the configuration file must have a file (mount the CD image)
- 2. Enter the yum warehouse configuration directory and back up the original file
- 3. Create a local yum source configuration file
- 4. Use the yum clean all && yum makecache command to re-update the cache with the local yum source
- 5. Use yum install -y XXXX software name
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- Four. The basic process of compiling and installing
1. Application installation
1. Solve the software package dependency method
| When installing multiple software with dependencies |
- Dependent packages need to be installed first
- Multiple .rpm package files can be specified for installation at the same time
| When uninstalling multiple software with dependencies |
- Packages that depend on other programs need to be uninstalled first
- Multiple software names can be specified for uninstallation at the same time
| ignore dependencies |
- Combined with "--nodeps" option, but may cause software anomalies
2. Relationship between application programs and system commands
| Role | system command | application |
|---|---|---|
| file location | Usually in /bin和/sbina directory, or as an internal command of the shell |
usually in /usr/bin、/usr/sbin 和/usr/local/bin、/usr/local/sbinthe directory |
| The main purpose | Complete the basic management of the system, such as IP configuration tools | Complete other auxiliary tasks relatively independently, such as web browsers |
| Applicable environment | Generally only run in the character operation interface | According to actual needs, some programs can be run in the graphical interface |
| run format | Generally includes command words, command options and command parameters | Usually there is no fixed execution format, which is defined by the program developer |
3. Directory structure of a typical application
| file type | system command | illustrate |
|---|---|---|
| Ordinary executable program file | /usr/bin | All users can execute |
| Server program, hypervisor file | /usr/sbin | Only administrators can execute |
| application configuration file | /etc | Applications installed via rpm or yum |
| log file | /var/log | system log |
| Application Reference Documentation File | /usr/share/doc | Data such as reference documents about the application |
| Application man page files | /usr/share/man | Man pages for execution files and configuration files |
4. Common package packaging types
| file type | save directory |
|---|---|
| RPM package | The extension is “rpm”suitable for RHEL, CentOs and other systems |
| DEB package | The extension is “deb”suitable for Ubuntu, Debian and other systems |
| source code package | Generally, the compressed package in the format of ".tar.bz2" is usually "taraz", which contains the original code of the program, which needs to be compiled and installed |
| Package with installer | The software package has different extensions, most of which are in TarBall format. The software package will provide executable programs or script files for installation, such as install.sh and setup. Prompt to complete the installation operation |
2. RPM package management tool
1. RPM package
General naming format:
2. RPM package information
Query installed RPM software information:
rpm -q [子选项] [软件名]
3. Query installed rmp software information
| rpm -q software name | Query whether the specified software is installed |
| rpm -qi software name | Display detailed information about the specified software installed |
| rpm -ql software name | Display a list of installed files for the specified software |
| rpm -qc software name | List installed configuration files for the specified software |
| rpm -qd software name | List the location of the package documentation for the specified software installed |
| rpm -qR software name | List the dependent packages and files of the specified software installed |
| rpm -qf file or directory | Query which installation package the specified software that has been installed belongs to |
Example: use rpm -ql yum(display all the files related to the yum package)
example: use rpm -qc yum(display all the configuration files of yum)
example: use rpm -qd yum(display the location of the yum document)
example: use rpm -qR yum(display the dependent packages of yum and Its files)
Example: use rpm -qc yum(use rmp -qf to select one of the file names to find which software package it belongs to)
4. The command to query the information in the RPM package file that is not installed
| rpm -qpi RPM package file name | Query the detailed information of the specified software package |
| rpm -qpl RPM package file name | Query the file list of the specified package |
| rpm -qpc RPM package file name | Query the configuration file of the specified package |
| rpm -qpd RPM package file name | Queries the location of the package documentation for the specified package |
5. Install, upgrade, uninstall, RPM, software package
rpm [选项] RPM包文件
rpm -ivh RPM软件包
Common options:
-i: Install a new RPM package.
-U: Upgrade a software package, if it has not been installed, install it.
-F: Upgrade a software package, if it has not been installed, give up the installation.
-h: During the process of installing or upgrading the software package, the installation progress will be displayed with "#".
-v: Display detailed information during software installation.
–force: Forcibly install a software package, such as installing an older version of the software package
-e: Uninstall the software package with the specified name.
--nodeps: When installing or upgrading or uninstalling a package, do not check dependencies with other packages.
3. Use the yum tool to achieve quick installation
1. The file location filled in the configuration file must have a file (mount the CD image)
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
The virtual machine should also check whether there is an optical drive and connect to the virtual machine to mount it. Enter
todfsee if the mount is successful
2. Enter the yum warehouse configuration directory and back up the original file
cd /etc/yum.repos .d
mkdir repo.bak
mv *.repo repo.bak/
3. Create a local yum source configuration file
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
vim local.repo
[local] //仓库类别
name=local //仓库名称
baseurl=file:///mnt //指定URL 访问路径为光盘挂载目录
enabled=1 //开启此yum源，此为默认项，可省略
gpgcheck=0 //不验证软件包的签名
4. Use the yum clean all && yum makecache command to re-update the cache with the local yum source
5. Use yum install -y XXXX software name
| Install pcre-devel |
| install tomcat |
| Common operating commands of yum: |
yum -y install 软件名 #安装、升级软件包，-y 选项表示自动确认，-q 选项表示静默安装
yum -y remove/erase 软件名 #卸载软件包，可自动解决其依赖关系
yum -y update 软件名 #升级软件包
yum list #查询软件包列表
yum list installed #查询系统中已安装的软件包
yum list available #查询仓库中尚未安装的软件包
yum list updates #查询可以升级版本的软件包
yum info 软件名 #查询软件包的描述信息
yum info httpd
yum search [all] 关键词 #根据某个关键词来查找相关的软件包
yum search all httpd
yum whatprovides 命令 #查询命令属于哪个软件包
yum whatprovides netstat
使用yum whatprovides yum来查看哪个软件包提供的
四.编译安装的基本过程
(1)tar 解包
tar zxvf/jxvf xxx.tar.gz/xxx.tar.bz2 -C 目标路径
(2)配置软件模块（安装路径、开启或关闭模块功能、管理服务进程的用户设定）
./configure --prefix=目标路径(此软件安装到哪里去)
(3)编译（将源代码转换为可执行的程序）
make
(4)安装
make install
To install the source code software package, you need to compile and install it 安装支持c和c++程序语言的编译器. If you use rpm to install gcc, gcc-c++, and make, you need to install multiple dependent packages first, which will be very cumbersome. Here you can use the yum method for one-click installation.
Pull the file in:
specify the path:
Use make install to execute the installation.
Install cd /usr/local at the specified location
to view the configuration files in the nginx folder