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This is a record post of failure. The installation process of this system is not smooth, and there are many problems in using it. I feel that the reason why the Raspberry Pi is so expensive is the ecology. It takes a long time for non-professionals to do it.
1. System download
1、ubuntu download
Let’s take a look at the version of the Raspberry Pi first. Here I have two, one is the 4B2g version, and the other is the 3b version. I have tested both of these. Check the system version and enter:
getconf LONG_BIT
The system version will be printed out.
The link to install ubuntu can actually be seen on the official website of ubuntu. Generally, we download it from there. The link is as follows:
https://cn.ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi
Open it and you can see the download of the system.
The desktop version seems to be only 64-bit, and other versions are only 32-bit. For example, the following server version
can be seen at the same time. In fact, the desktop version has relatively high memory requirements. The requirement here is 4GB. And above is more suitable. I read some articles saying that using 2gb will cause serious heat and cause more lag, so try not to use it.
Of course, downloading here generally does not download such a new version. You can go to other downloads to download the old version
and then turn to the bottom. See, the version we need is provided below
Here I downloaded a server version at the beginning. The server version has no desktop. After downloading, you usually need to configure the network to burn the image. This will facilitate remote login in the future. There are many ways to configure the network on the Internet.
Generally, create a new file in a directory of the USB disk, and then fill in some network information. Of course, you can also directly connect the network port of the Raspberry Pi to the router to view the information. This is also very convenient. Here are two I've tried everything, no problem
2、ubuntu mate download
However, ubuntu actually configures the Raspberry Pi specifically. It is very convenient to configure ubuntu directly, and it also retains some basic functions of the Raspberry Pi. It is a dedicated ubuntu
mate.
The download address is as follows:
https://ubuntu-mate.org/download/
Open it and you can see that there are actually two options: 32-bit and 64-bit. Select
the download page to see the version that can be downloaded. Here is generally
the support for downloading this LTS version. You can also check it from the official website, as follows As shown, it is actually an older version. For example, 16.04 does not support relatively new hardware, such as 3B+, 4B, and then the compatibility of later hardware is better, and it can be selected. Download it here according to your personal situation. Older I didn't find the version here, but you can go to some bloggers' network disk links to check it.
2. System installation
The system installation is relatively basic. Many of my previous blogs have talked about the process of system flashing, and the steps are roughly the same.
- 1. Format the SD card
- 2. Use balenaEtcher to burn the system
- 3. Connect the power supply and power on the display
After my actual test here, there is nothing that needs special attention. Most of them are configured all the way. There may be a network distribution problem in the middle. As mentioned before, if there is a display screen to configure the network, this step will be easy. You don’t need it. If there is no display screen, the distribution network should be configured in advance. Of course, it can be plugged into the router with a network cable later, so that the router’s network can also be shared.
Use the network cable port of the Raspberry Pi to connect with the redundant network port on the router, as shown below
Then we enter the ip address of the router on the web page, and we can see a configuration page of the router. The IP address of the router itself can be seen only by entering ipconfig in the computer. It is an IP called the host address
. The router will have this configuration, and then through this, you can know the IP address of the Raspberry Pi device connected to the router.
3. System use
1. Ubuntu system
Let me talk about the process of installing ubuntu first. I installed the server version, that is, the version without desktop . Since it does not open ssh itself, I connected an external screen for operation.
According to the information I checked here, to open ssh, you need to use the Raspberry Pi configuration tool to open it first. First, check whether ssh exists.
ssh localhost
Generally, it does not exist, that is, the prompt
ssh: connect to host localhost port 22: Connection refused
In this way, you need to install ssh, the command used is as follows
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
If the installation is successful, you can start the ssh service. Here, the commands to start, stop and close are similar, respectively.
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start #开始服务
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh stop #停止服务
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart #重启服务
Then start the command settings of the Raspberry Pi at boot, first enter this text
sudo nano /etc/rc.local
Add the following statement in front of exit 0, so that it is configured to start ssh at boot
/etc/init.d/ssh start
After configuring ssh in this way, you can use ssh to log in. The main reason is that if you don’t have a desktop, you can’t open the browser to copy and paste some things, which is actually very inconvenient.
After configuring the above parts, you can change the source. The process of changing the source is also the solution of some bloggers for reference.
First, open our source file
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
Use # to comment the original source, paste the source below and save and exit
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
Then you can update
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
This is enough, some errors are reported during the operation process, and the system is not very smooth to be honest
2、ubuntu mate system
This system has a little more information, and it is adapted to the Raspberry Pi. Because it is a desktop version of the system, it is easier to operate. After opening the display, you can select the address, language, and account password. Go all the way and then manually connect to wifi, no need to configure the network or anything.
The following is to configure ssh login
Right-click to enter the command line, enter the command line to enter the command, here is the same as the Raspberry Pi, enter the graphical configuration page
sudo raspi-config
Use the up, down, left, and right keys to select, enter the option of Interfacing Options , and then you can see ssh, select SSH and enable it. After configuration, we can use the IP scanning tool or the router itself to connect. Yes, select the IP to connect, and you can see that the connection is successful.
After that, it’s time to change the source. There are many online tutorials for changing the source. I also refer to the tutorial to configure it.
First of all, open the source file, the source file is basically in this location, and configure other linux systems are also in this location, usually back up first, but I just use it here and feel that there is no need to back up, just modify it
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
The content of the source file is as follows. Generally, Ali is more used. Of course, the source of Tsinghua University and University of Science and Technology of China can also be used. Some people directly suggest to replace it with ubuntu
that ishttp://ports.ubuntu.com/change tohttps://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/
But the final result is this, you can copy and paste it directly
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
It should be noted here that there is a parameter in this source that needs attention: xenial
This means that it is the source of 16.04, and the parameter in the source of 18.04 is bionic, so don’t forget it when copying, and then those for the Raspberry Pi have added a -ports at the end, which is not the same as the usual source. Same.
update below
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
This is ok, and there are some error reports in the actual experience. I feel that neither the fluency nor the error report is as comfortable as the official Raspberry Pi system. . .
The following are some reference articles during the process of installing the system, and I am very grateful to these bloggers for their records: