UWB ultra-wideband positioning
UWB (Ultra Wide Band) is an ultra-wideband technology. It is a carrier-free communication technology that uses nanosecond-level non-sinusoidal narrow pulses to transmit data, so it occupies a wide spectrum. The traditional positioning technology is to judge the position of the object according to the strength of the signal. The strength of the signal is greatly affected by the outside world. Therefore, the error between the position of the positioned object and the actual position is also large, and the positioning accuracy is not high. However, UWB positioning uses broadband pulses. Communication technology, with strong anti-interference ability, so that the positioning error is reduced.
UWB positioning system
UWB positioning system consists of UWB base station, UWB tag, UWB positioning engine and terminal display . The system architecture is as follows
The UWB positioning system can combine UWB tags, UWB TDOA algorithms and terminal display devices within the coverage area of the UWB base station to realize complex personnel positioning, monitoring and tracking tasks, and accurately find the target object to realize the positioning of personnel and objects . Real-time positioning and monitoring management, the positioning accuracy reaches 10~30 cm .
Bluetooth AOA positioning
AOA (angle of arrival, angle of reception), AOD (angle of departure, angle of launch) use the same bottom layer, using the angle of launch (AoD), the transmitting device contains a multi-antenna array, sends a special direction-finding signal through the device, and then another A device uses this signal to calculate the direction of the received signal. Using AoA, the receiver contains a multi-antenna array. The AOA positioning system calculates the coordinates in the background according to the angle information of the tag collected by the AOA base station, and displays it on the webpage operation platform combined with the map.
The architecture of AOA positioning system is divided into four layers, which are object layer, collection layer, processing layer and presentation layer.
(1) The object layer includes people, things, places, and things, that is, people and objects under supervision. The real-time location can be obtained by positioning the electronic marker, and the video can be linked if an alarm is issued.
(2) The AOA positioning work card on the acquisition layer is worn on the person or fixed on the object as a wireless data transmission module, and as the front end of data collection, it can regularly send positioning data; The information data of the card is sent to the processing layer for position calculation, data analysis, etc.
(3) The business layer includes a positioning engine server, a data server, and a business server. The server is responsible for position calculation, data analysis, and data review.
(4) The B/S structure of the display layer. After wearing an electronic bracelet or a positioning card, the graphical position display of the current position of people and objects on the positioning map can be realized through the client. The initialization of system positioning data, business process management, user management, and data query are all realized through the browser.
What are the differences between UWB positioning technology and Bluetooth AOA?
1. Technical principle
1) UWB and Bluetooth are a kind of communication technology and standard, each has its own standard protocol, and the application frequency bands of the two are also different. UWB follows IEEE 802.15.4A, and the development of Bluetooth has reached the 5.1 generation standard.
2) AOA, AOD, TOF, TDOA, etc. are all positioning methods. AOA can be used with Bluetooth applications or UWB applications. However, Bluetooth currently does not support TOF and TDOA applications. This is determined by the underlying hardware technology.
3) AOA method: To simplify the understanding, it is to measure the angle between the tag and the base station and convert the distance between the two, so the angle recognition of the two is the key.
4) TOF and TDOA methods, to simplify understanding, is to measure by time, what time is the signal flight time between the tag and the base station, the flight speed of the wireless signal is close to the speed of light, so the measurement accuracy will be high.
2. Application Features
It can be seen from the above that UWB technology usually refers to the use of TOF and TDOA methods, and Bluetooth AOA, which can be understood literally, uses the AOA method.
1) Installation features:
In terms of installation, UWB is better overall. UWB adopts time-of-flight and the wireless frequency band is based on ultra-wideband pulse wave technology, which has better anti-interference performance and wider environmental options for installation, while AOA is related to angles, and the installation of base stations requires a certain height range, otherwise the number of base stations that need to be installed multiply.
2) Cost characteristics:
In terms of cost, Bluetooth is usually better. In terms of single hardware cost, the cost of UWB tags is usually 2 to 3 times that of Bluetooth tags. The cost difference of a single base station is small. However, in highly restricted scenarios, the deployment of base stations required for Bluetooth surges, and the overall cost advantage may be reversed.
3) Maintenance features:
In terms of maintenance, Bluetooth is better, but the impact on users is not much different in most scenarios. Usually applied to people, it is the charging method. UWB can be used for 1-3 months at a time, and Bluetooth usually uses battery replacement, which can be used for half a year to 1 year at a time. For goods, it can basically be done for 1 to 3 years. Therefore, depending on the usage scenarios, the judgment on maintenance is biased.
4) Group characteristics:
In terms of groups, UWB is currently more widely applicable to industrial scenarios, and its industrial application guarantee has also been verified and recognized by many cases. Bluetooth is more used in commercial environments. At present, mobile phones have Bluetooth functions. They also have unique label (terminal) freedom features, and some scenarios can be naturally integrated into consumers.
5) Supply relationship characteristics:
At present, domestic and global UWB solution manufacturers are all based on Decawave chip research and development, so there are limited differences in product performance and characteristics. More differences are based on optimized algorithms and overall services based on experience in landing cases, such as SKYLAB & Micro Energy Information based on 1200+ landing experience , based on the large platform of the Internet of Things and the ground-based service foundation. uwb Positioning System - Shenzhen Weineng Information Technology Co., Ltd. Bluetooth AOA. At present, there are few domestic manufacturers and it is still in its infancy. More landing cases are needed to promote the enrichment of manufacturers and the maturity of technology.