Social Security Summary Materials
Glossary:
1. Pay-as-you-go system : It is a fund-raising model guided by the principle of horizontal balance of payments in the near future.
2. Partial accumulation system: It is a financing model that combines the short-term horizontal balance of payments principle with the long-term vertical balance of payments principle.
3. Social insurance: the country compulsorily collects social insurance taxes (fees) through legislation and forms social insurance funds. A social security system that pays beneficiaries with social insurance benefits in the event of economic loss, interruption or reduction of income to ensure their basic living needs.
4. Social security: It is a general term for social behaviors, mechanisms, systems, and undertakings that are implemented by the state and society through legislation, and provide security for the basic living rights of social members by means of redistribution of national income.
5. Work-related injury insurance: refers to the accidental injury, occupational disease and death caused by the laborer in the production and operation activities or under certain specified circumstances. When the laborer loses the ability to work temporarily or permanently, Laborers or their survivors can obtain necessary material compensation from the state and society to ensure the basic life of laborers or their survivors, as well as a social insurance system that provides necessary medical treatment and rehabilitation services for laborers who suffer from work-related injuries.
6. Enterprise annuity: It refers to the supplementary pension insurance plan established by the enterprise and its employees after participating in the basic endowment insurance according to the law, according to the national policy and the economic situation of the enterprise, through the necessary democratic decision-making procedures, and enjoys the support of the state tax incentives.
7. Social assistance: It is a system in which the state, through the redistribution of national income, provides assistance to social members who cannot maintain the minimum standard of living due to natural disasters or other economic and social reasons, so as to guarantee their minimum standard of living. It is the "last line of defense" for social security.
8. Progressive rate system: refers to the different regulations due to different income levels. The low income is charged for low-income earners, and the high income is high for high-income earners. With the increase of income, the insurance also increases step by step. Low rates are adopted for low-income earners, and the rates for high-income earners are gradually increased.
9. Differential rate rate system : The insurance premium is levied according to a certain percentage of the salary of the insured, but the proportion of employers and employees is different.
10. Social preferential treatment: It is the abbreviation of preferential treatment and pension. It is a social security system established for soldiers and their families. It refers to various preferential treatments, pensions, pensions, employment placements, etc. and service guarantee system.
11. Social insurance fund: Refers to the special funds established in various ways in accordance with the law for the implementation of various social security systems and used for social security project expenditures.
12. Determination of benefit type: It is a payment mode in which the social security benefits of the insured are determined according to their working years and salary income, and then their payment level is determined according to actuarial principles.
13. Determined payment type: It is a payment mode in which the payment level is determined in advance, and the treatment level is determined according to the funds raised and the accumulation of investment income.
short answer questions
1. Briefly describe several models of social security system: assistance type, social insurance type, welfare state type, compulsory savings type, national insurance type
2. What are the stages of the development of social security in the world? What are the signs and characteristics of each stage?
(1) Formation stage: The birth of the modern social security system was marked by the promulgation of the "Illness Social Insurance Law" in Germany in 1883; social security has entered the stage of national legislation, trying to directly intervene and adjust social redistribution through the state, and implement the social security system. Eliminate social problems and ease social conflicts. The emergence of the social insurance system has become a symbol of the emergence of the modern social security system.
(2) Development stage: It is marked by the passage of the first "Social Security Act" in history in 1935 in the United States; it marks a big step forward in the development of the modern social security system from a social insurance system to a comprehensive social security system.
(3) Maturity and improvement stage: It is marked by the widespread implementation of the "universal welfare" policy and the emergence of "welfare states" one after another; during this period, the social security system has been fully developed and is constantly becoming mature and perfect.
(4) The stage of reform and adjustment: this stage is marked by the British Conservative Party government's first reform of the social security system in 1979; While the people brought welfare and good news, it also produced some side effects.
3. Briefly describe the basic characteristics of the welfare state : progressive tax system and high taxation, universal coverage and universal sharing, government responsibility and comprehensive protection, sound rule of law, and full employment
(1) Main features of the welfare state model (see page 175 of Zheng Gongcheng's "Social Security")
1. Progressive tax system and high taxation 2. Universal coverage and shared by all people 3. Government responsibility and comprehensive guarantee 4. Sound legal system 5. Full employment
(2) Basic characteristics of the welfare state model (see page 76 of Zhang Qi's "Introduction to Social Security")
1. The government actively participates in the management of social security affairs. The cost is basically borne by the unit, and the individual basically does not pay. 2. This model implements "equal income, full employment, universal welfare, and systematization of welfare facilities", including from the cradle Social security, including various living needs up to the grave, is paid according to a unified standard, and the fund is mainly settled by national taxation.
3. Fully embodies the adjustment and mutual assistance function of social security
4. Fund raising is a pay-as-you-go model, which advocates horizontal adjustment among social members. 5. High welfare and high consumption also bury hidden dangers for national economic growth
4. Briefly describe the characteristics of social welfare: the universalization of protection objects, the diversification of sponsors, and the service-oriented welfare
The coverage object is universal, the content is extensive, the provision method is service-oriented, the implementation subject is social, the implementation process is multi-level, and the extension is rich
5. Briefly describe several models of endowment insurance: national overall planning insurance model, insurance subsidized insurance model, compulsory savings model, multi-level endowment insurance model
6. Briefly describe the characteristics of work-related injury insurance: (1) It is compensatory, and implements the system of "compensation without fault" and "compensation without liability".
(2) The remuneration is relatively generous and there are many service items. Including industrial injury medical benefits, industrial injury benefits, disability benefits, vocational rehabilitation benefits, work-related death benefits, etc.
7. What are the basic conditions for enjoying unemployment insurance
(1) Participate in unemployment insurance according to the regulations, and the unit and the person have fulfilled the payment obligation in accordance with the regulations for one year; (2) The employment is interrupted not because of the person's will; (3) The unemployment registration has been handled and there is a job search requirement. 8. Briefly describe the characteristics of maternity insurance: small scope of protection, welfare, implementation of the principle of "enjoy both before and after childbirth", maternity risk is a specific physiological activity, social insurance for maternity and medical insurance, and social insurance for illness close
9. Briefly describe the sources of social security funds: social security fees paid by enterprises and individuals, fund operating income, state financial subsidies, and other channels (lottery income, social donations, service charges)
10. What are the investment methods of social insurance funds?
Bank deposits, mortgages, government bonds, corporate and financial bonds, real estate, stocks
11. Briefly describe the principles of endowment insurance: (1) The principle corresponding to the right to enjoy insurance and qualification conditions;
(2) The principle of ensuring basic living standards;
(3) The principle of sharing the fruits of social and economic development
12. Briefly describe the characteristics of social security: mandatory, social, welfare, mutual aid, fairness, fairness
discuss
1. What are the components of China's social security system? What are the specific meanings of each component? What are the internal connections between them?
(1) Social insurance: endowment insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance, maternity insurance, disability insurance, death insurance, basic security (core)
(2) Social assistance: poverty relief, disaster relief, special relief, the lowest level
(3) Social welfare: public welfare, special group welfare, occupational welfare, social allowance, social welfare service, the highest level (4) Social special care: special nature
The social security system refers to the interconnected and complementary whole of the various organic components of the social security system. A sound social security system is an important pillar of the socialist market economic system and is related to the overall situation of reform, development and stability.
my country's social security system includes social insurance, social welfare, social assistance, and social preferential treatment. These four social security systems are interrelated and complementary. The social security system is the "safety net" of the society, which is of great significance to social stability and social development. Social relief—the lowest level of social security Social insurance—basic guarantee of social welfare—high level of social security Social preferential treatment—special social security
2. Describe the relationship and difference between social insurance and commercial insurance.
Connections : (1) From a functional point of view, both are social risk resolution mechanisms. Social insurance is the main body of the multi-level social security system, and commercial insurance can serve as a supplement to social insurance and is an integral part of the multi-level social security system.
(2) Social insurance came into being later than commercial insurance, and many of the terms, calculations, and forecasting methods it uses are related to commercial insurance.
Differences : (1) Different in nature. Social insurance is enforced by national legislation, is a government action, and is a welfare undertaking with a non-profit nature. Commercial insurance is a kind of commercial behavior, between the insurer and the insured is a completely voluntary contractual relationship; it has the nature of making profits;
(2) The purpose is different. Social insurance is not aimed at profit, but its starting point is to ensure the basic life of workers, maintain social stability, and promote economic development. The fundamental purpose of commercial insurance is to obtain profits, and only to provide economic compensation to policyholders under this premise;
(3) Funding sources are different. Social insurance is undertaken by the state, employers and individuals. Commercial insurance is entirely borne by individuals.
(4) Different treatment levels. Starting from stabilizing the society, social insurance focuses on the protection of long-term basic life, and it also needs to be adjusted and gradually increased as prices rise. Commercial insurance focuses on one-time economic compensation.
(5) The responsibilities of the government are different. Social insurance is a basic right enjoyed by citizens. The government bears the ultimate responsibility to the society. Commercial insurance is restricted by the market competition mechanism, and the government mainly supervises commercial insurance in accordance with the law to protect the interests of policyholders.
3. What are the problems that need to be solved urgently in my country's pension insurance system? Tell me about your vision for the reform of my country's pension insurance system.
Problems : Funding Gap of Pension Insurance, Hidden Debt Problem
1. Insurance coverage needs to be expanded, resulting in narrow pension insurance coverage in my country (1) Individual awareness of insurance is not high enough. (2) The policy propaganda and organizational implementation are not strong enough.
2. Low security level (1) The collective economy is weak and personal income growth is slow. (2) The efficiency of fund value preservation and appreciation is low.
3. The management mechanism is not perfect (1) The functions of the government are not fully reflected. (2) The management system is not sound enough. (3) Uncoordinated reform measures hamper the development of the pension insurance system.
4. The legal system is imperfect, low-level, and lacks binding force. The law is the basis for ensuring the standard operation of social pensions.
Reforms: (1) Implement tripartite burden of endowment insurance premiums and social pooling;
(2) Pilot program of combining social pooling and personal accounts;
(3) Establish a unified basic pension insurance system for enterprise employees;
(4) Provincial overall planning reform of endowment insurance;
(5) Improve the urban social security system pilot;
(6) Improve the basic endowment insurance system for enterprise employees;
4. In connection with reality, talk about the significance and rational use of social insurance funds to maintain and increase their value.
Significance: The maintenance and appreciation of social insurance funds has far-reaching significance for further improving and perfecting the social security system and promoting the overall development of the entire social economy.
1. It is conducive to accelerating the accumulation of social insurance funds. The experience of the development of international social insurance shows that the accumulation of social insurance funds mainly depends on the management of social insurance funds and the use of social insurance funds.
2. Conducive to supporting national economic construction.
3. Conducive to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers. Safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of laborers is the fundamental purpose of social insurance fund supervision.
4. Conducive to the competition in the capital market. Under the condition of market economy, only in competition can the development of all walks of life be promoted.
5. The social security fund is the material basis for the operation of the social security system;
6. Social security funds can be a "booster" of economic growth
Reasonable use: (1) Operation and management methods: financial social security funds, market trust management funds and provident fund funds
(2) Social security projects: social relief funds, social welfare funds, social insurance funds, and other security project funds
(3) Fund ownership: public funds, individual funds, institutional funds
(4) Account accumulation mode: social pooling account fund, personal account fund
5. Discuss the investment methods of social insurance funds and the basic principles that should be followed.
Investment methods: bank deposits, mortgages, government bonds, corporate bonds and financial bonds, real estate, stocks
Basic principles: safety principle, profitability principle, liquidity principle, social benefit principle
6. What are the stages of the development of social security in the world? What are the signs and characteristics of each stage?
(1) Emergence of the social security system
Sign : The promulgation of the British "Elizabeth Poor Law" Three viewpoints: the British "Elizabeth Poor Law", the "Sickness Insurance Law" of the Bismarck government in Germany, and the "Social Security Law" of the Roosevelt government in the United States
Content: Mainly to provide employment security and financial security, with the nature of forced labor and welfare relief
Formation and Development of Social Security System
(2) Formation stage: The birth of the modern social security system was marked by the promulgation of the "Sickness Social Insurance Law" in Germany in 1883
(3) Development stage: It is marked by the passing of the first "Social Security Act" in history in 1935 in the United States
(4) Mature and perfect stage: it is marked by the widespread implementation of the "universal welfare" policy and the emergence of "welfare states" one after another
(5) Reform and adjustment stage: This stage is marked by the British Conservative Party government taking the lead in reforming the social security system in 1979