Refers to the bony landmarks on the joint surface of the phalanx, which refers to the characteristics of the bones of the fingers or toes at the joint. These landmarks help doctors or researchers identify or differentiate individuals, as well as help understand how these bones develop. For example, they can provide information about an individual's age, gender, race, health status, etc.
In forensic science, bony landmarks on the joint surface of the phalanx can be used for identification, inference of living habits, identification of diseases and injuries, etc. This information can be used in court proceedings, such as the identification of unnamed bodies or the investigation of criminal cases.
For example, we can judge a person's gender and age from the shape and size of the bones in the fingers and toes. Men's finger and toe bones are usually larger and denser than women's. In children, the growth plates of the bones are not yet closed, and gaps are visible. These gaps will gradually disappear with age.
In addition, the bony landmarks on the joint surface of the phalanx can also reflect the individual's living habits. For example, regular heavy physical work or certain sports may leave specific bony marks on the phalanges.
Bony landmarks can also reflect past injuries or illnesses. Osteoporosis, for example, causes bones to become weak, which can leave cracked or deformed marks on the bones of the fingers and toes. Arthritis may also produce distinctive bony landmarks at the syndesmosis.
However, it is important to note that while these bony landmarks provide valuable information, they are not absolute. Many factors, including genetics, nutritional status, environmental factors, etc., may affect the formation of bony markers. Therefore, forensic scientists need to combine other clues and evidence when interpreting these signs.
Imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT, and MRI are very useful tools in this process. They can provide detailed pictures of bones, helping doctors or researchers to more accurately identify and interpret bony landmarks.