1. Create a database
mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
2. Create student and score tables
mysql> CREATE TABLE student (
-> id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
-> name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
-> sex VARCHAR(4) ,
-> birth YEAR,
-> department VARCHAR(20) ,
-> address VARCHAR(50)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE score (
-> id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
-> stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
-> c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
-> grade INT(10)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
3. Insert data
向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
4. Back up the database school to the /backup directory
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p'Admin123!' school > /backup/db/school.sql
5. Back up the MySQL database in a format with a delete table, which allows the backup to overwrite the existing database without manually deleting the original database
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p'Admin123!' -B school > /backup/db/school.sql
6. Directly compress and backup the MySQL database
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p'Admin123!' -B school | gzip > /backup/db/school.sql.gz
7. Back up a table ( s ) of the MySQL database . This example backs up the student table
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p'Admin123!' school student > /backup/db/school_student.sql
8. Back up multiple MySQL databases at the same time (other database materials are prepared by yourself)
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p'Admin123!' -B school gtid > /backup/db/school_gtid.sql
9. Only back up the database structure
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p'Admin123!' -d school > /backup/db/schoo_desc.sql
10. Back up all databases on the server
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -p'Admin123!' -A -B > /backup/db/all_mysql.sql
11. Restore the MySQL database
mysql> source /backup/db/all_mysql.sql;
12. Restore the compressed MySQL database
[root@localhost db]# zcat school.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p'Admin123!'
13. Use mydumper to back up the database
[root@localhost db]# mydumper -u root -p 'Admin123!' -B school -S /tmp/mysql.sock -o /backup/db/school_mydumper.sql
14. Use mydumper to restore the database
[root@localhost db]# myloader -u root -p 'Admin123!' -B school -S /tmp/mysql.sock -d /backup/db/school_mydumper.sql
15. Use innobackex to back up the database
1.创建备份的目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -pv /server/backup
2.进行完全备份（3个参数）
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=Admin123! --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock /server/backup/
innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock /server/backup/
innobackupex --user=用户名 --password=密码 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock 指定备份存放的路径
注意：
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=Admin123! --no-timestamp --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock /server/backup/full_`date +%F`
指定备份文件具体路径以及备份文件名称
16. Restore the innobackup backup on another database server
1.使用--apply-log 进行备份的引用
[root@localhost~]# innobackupex --apply-log /server/backup/2023-03-25_19-48-19/
innobackupex --apply-log 备份文件所处路径
2.停止数据库服务
[root@localhost 2023-03-25_19-48-19]# systemctl stop mysqld.service
3.清空数据库的数据目录（/usr/local/mysql/data）
[root@localhost 2023-03-25_19-48-19]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
4.使用--copy-back 进行备份还原
[root@localhost data]# innobackupex --copy-back /server/backup/2023-03-25_19-48-19/
5.修改所属主权限
[root@localhost data]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/
6.重启mysql服务，登录mysql
[root@localhost data]# systemctl restart mysqld