MySQL database security backup

Related Links:

• Blog Park: Chen Yanbin : Mysql data security backup

The significance of data security backup

1. In the event of an accident (hard disk damage, breakpoints, hacker attacks), to facilitate data recovery
2. Export production data for R&D personnel or testers to test and learn
3. High-level personnel's operation error caused data loss for recovery

Backup type

• Full backup: backup of the entire database
• Partial backup: Partial backup of data (one or more tables)
  • Incremental backup: Back up the changed data based on the previous backup
  • Differential backup: based on the first full backup to back up the changed data

Backup method

• Logical backup: directly generate sql statement, execute sql statement when restoring data
• Physical backup: copy relevant library files and perform data backup ( data storage directory pointed to by my.cnf )

the difference

1. Logical backup efficiency is low, data recovery efficiency is low, and space saving
2. Physical backup wastes space, and backup data is efficient

Backup scenario

• Hot backup: during backup, it does not affect the read and write operations of the database
• Warm backup: during backup, you can read but not write
• Cold backup: When backing up, the mysql service is closed and no read and write operations can be performed

Mysqldump backup (cross-machine)

Single library syntax

备份基础语法：
mysqldump -u用户 -hip -p密码 数据库名 表名 | 压缩方式 > 绝对路径+文件名

Cross-machine backup

跨机器备份：

备份描述：mac本上安装了mysql数据库(172.20.10.2)，使用自搭Linux(172.20.10.4)机器上的mysql备份mac本上的nba库，并使用压缩文件方式，备份至：/mysql_data_back下
来到linux的mysql安装目录(172.20.10.4)：
创建目录：mkdir /mysql_data_back
切换：cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
备份：./mysqldump -uroot -proot -h172.20.10.2 nba | gzip > /mysql_data_back/nba.sql.gz

Local backup

本机备份：

备份描述：linux(自搭)，备份本就上的db1库，并使用压缩方式，备份至：/mysql_data_back下
备份：./mysqldump -uroot -proot db1 | gzip > /mysql_data_back/db1.sql.gz

A table in the backup library

语法：./mysqldump -uroot -proot -h172.20.10.2 nba | gzip > /mysql_data_back/nba.sql.gz

备份描述：在Linux(自搭，172.20.10.4)上，远程备份mac本(172.20.10.2)nba(库)的nba_player(表)
在原来的基础上，nba(库名) 在追加表名即可
./mysqldump -uroot -proot -h172.20.10.2 nba nba_player | gzip > /mysql_data_back/nba-nba_player.sql.gz

Backup multiple libraries

语法：./mysqldump -u用户 -p密码 --databases 库1 库2 | gzip > 绝对路径+文件名
备份描述：备份本机的：db1、db2两个库
备份：./mysqldump -uroot -proot --databases db1 db2 | gzip > /mysql_data_back/db1-db2.sql.gz

note

Only the table structure is backed up, the data is not backed up!

Backup the entire library

Description: If there are many databases on the remote server, you can use full database backup

语法：
./mysqldump -uroot -proot -all --databases | gzip > /mysql_data_back/all.sql.gz

Mysql data recovery

For the backup data, do not add –databases, there is no database creation statement!

先备份数据：
./mysqldump -uroot -proot --databases db1 | gzip > /mysql_data_back/db1.sql.gz

删除库：
drop database db1;

还原数据：
2、解压gz文件：gunzip -d db1.sql.gz
1、登录数据库：mysql -uroot -proot -h 127.0.0.1 < /mysql_data_back/db1.sql

You can also specify the database after restoring the data

语法：
    mysql -u用户 -p密码 -h ip地址 数据库 < 绝对路径+文件名
示例：mysql -uroot -proot -h 127.0.0.1 issdb_1 < /mysql_data_back/issdb_1.sql

View Mysql database source files

method one

登录mysql：mysql -uroot -proot
查看：show variables like 'datadir%';
===========================
mysql> show variables like 'datadir%';
+---------------+------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                  |
+---------------+------------------------+
| datadir       | /usr/local/mysql/data/ |
+---------------+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

Way two

Just view the my.cnf file