introduction
On the morning of April 20, the National Development and Reform Commission held an April press conference online. At the meeting, questions from reporters from Bloomberg on the construction of new infrastructure were answered. The content is as follows:
At present, the new infrastructure mainly includes three aspects:
first, information infrastructure. It mainly refers to the infrastructure generated based on the evolution of the new generation of information technology, such as the communication network infrastructure represented by 5G, the Internet of Things, the Industrial Internet, and the Satellite Internet, and the new infrastructure represented by artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and blockchain. Technical infrastructure, computing power infrastructure represented by data centers and intelligent computing centers, etc.
The second is the integration of infrastructure. It mainly refers to the in-depth application of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies to support the transformation and upgrading of traditional infrastructure, and then form a converged infrastructure, such as intelligent transportation infrastructure, smart energy infrastructure, etc.
The third is to innovate infrastructure. It mainly refers to infrastructure with public welfare attributes that support scientific research, technology development, and product development, such as major scientific and technological infrastructure, science and education infrastructure, and industrial technology innovation infrastructure.
As a computing power infrastructure, data centers are included in the category of information infrastructure. Let's introduce the data center today.
data center
concept
The data center (IDC, Internet Data Center) is an infrastructure provided for the safe, stable and continuous operation of computer systems (including servers, storage and network equipment, etc.). From the perspective of the entire data center life cycle, data center service providers provide customers with multiple services including data center planning and design, construction, and later operation and maintenance. Among them, the operation and maintenance services of the data center include server hosting, data backup and other value-added services.
Industry chain
1 Upstream suppliers
Vendors provide IT equipment and supporting equipment.
IT equipment includes servers, switches, routers, etc. Server brand manufacturers include HPE, DELL, Inspur, H3C (Tsinghua Unigroup), etc.; white label manufacturers include Quanta, Wiwynn, etc. Switch related manufacturers include Cisco, Huawei, H3C (Tsinghua Unigroup), Starnet Ruijie, etc. Manufacturers related to routers include Starnet Ruijie, H3C (Tsinghua Unigroup) and others.
Supporting equipment includes land, communication networks, power supplies, cooling, racks, etc. For power supply, UPS is currently the mainstream, and HVDC is expected to gradually replace it, and a certain number of diesel generators need to be equipped as backup power supply. For heat dissipation, the liquid cooling solution is better than the traditional air cooling. Network communication includes optical modules (Zhongji InnoLight, Accelink, etc.), fiber optic cables (YOFC, FiberHome, etc.), and basic network services (three major operators, China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom). Cabinet manufacturers mainly include Quanta, Wiwynn, and Kehua Hengsheng.
2 Midstream service providers
Data center construction is mainly divided into three processes: planning, design, and construction, involving knowledge of multiple disciplines such as architecture, electrical engineering, and electronic engineering, and requires a high level of construction. Currently, vendors that provide data center lifecycle management include Dataport and 21Vianet.
Data center service providers mainly include basic telecom operators, cloud computing vendors and third-party service providers. In the past, the data centers of basic telecom operators were mostly used to support their own business development. In recent years, they have further increased their efforts to expand cloud computing services. With their own advantages in communication networks, they have attracted more government and enterprise customers. On behalf of manufacturers Such as China Telecom and so on. Cloud computing vendors control data center resources through self-construction, joint construction, or agency construction for their own needs for external cloud computing business, representing vendors such as Alibaba and Tencent. Third-party service providers provide services to customers through self-built data centers or leased data centers of basic telecom operators. They generally adopt a neutral attitude in network connection and are not limited by the network and geographical restrictions of a single telecom operator. They can provide relatively stable and a balanced network connection; at the same time, it is more flexible in service provision and can provide some customized services according to customer needs. Representative manufacturers are Sinnet, Baosight Software, Dataport, etc.
3 Downstream customers
The range of downstream customers of the data center is relatively wide, including Internet companies, financial companies, government agencies and other application demand parties. The main driving force for the government to build a data center comes from the construction needs of e-government collaborative office, disaster recovery and backup, high-performance computing, public service platform, and emergency command platform. In the financial industry, financial institutions have high requirements for key business operations, and the security and continuity of data center system operations are particularly important.
supply and demand
As the domestic 5G commercial process continues to advance, with the support of high-speed, low-latency, and highly reliable networks, 2C/2B applications are ushering in a golden age of development, and data traffic will usher in a new round of explosive growth. The needs of the center will be gradually released. At the same time, the development of my country's cloud computing is in a period of rapid growth, and the disturbance of the new crown epidemic is expected to further accelerate the progress of enterprises going to the cloud, and the demand for IaaS infrastructure such as data centers will gradually increase.
At present, enterprises and population tend to concentrate in the first-tier areas, resulting in a large and concentrated demand for data processing in the first-tier business districts; at the same time, the construction of information infrastructure in the first-tier areas is relatively mature, and there is a first-mover advantage in technology. Therefore, driven by demand and technology, my country's data centers are concentrated around first-tier cities. However, there is currently a large gap in the supply of racks in the first-tier regions, and the speed of data growth far exceeds the speed of local IDC rack construction, exacerbating the shortage of IDC resources, resulting in relatively high rental prices. At the same time, data centers have a large demand for electricity. With the stricter energy consumption assessment indicators in first-tier regions, it will gradually become more difficult for new IDCs to settle in first-tier cities. In the future, IDC resources in first-tier cities will gradually enter the stock market. Stimulated by the explosion of data traffic and the strong demand for cloud computing, the supply shortage of IDCs in first-tier cities may continue, and the value is expected to gradually increase.
Network Architecture
Here we take the traditional three-layer network architecture as an example, namely the access layer, aggregation layer, and core layer. There are many servers in the data center, which are placed on racks one by one. Access switches are placed at the top of the rack. Switches in multiple racks are connected through an aggregation switch. Multiple aggregation switches are connected by core switches. Some security devices such as firewalls are often mounted on core switches, and load balancers can also be mounted. The core switch is connected to the border router as the entrance and exit of the data center. Border routers connect multiple carrier networks.
references
- Dongguan Securities-"IDC service providers who focus on upstream equipment and deeply cultivate first-line business circles"
- Great Wall Securities-"5G and Cloud Computing Drive the IDC Market, South China's Leading Capacity Expansion Has a Strong Momentum"
