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Contents: Guide

foreword

1. Operation mode

Command line mode:

pytest -s login.py

Main function mode:

if __name__ == '__main__':
	pytest.main(["-s", "login.py"])

pytest.ini running:
Configure the running parameters of pytest in the pytest.ini file.
Points to note:
location: the configuration file is generally placed in the root directory of the project;
encoding: must be ANSI, you can use text editing tools to modify the encoding format;
rules: no matter what kind of operation mode, the configuration file will be read, which is the highest level ;
the first line at the beginning of the file must be [pytest] except for the comment, which is a fixed format, and the file name pytest.ini is also fixed, and cannot be renamed by itself;

Commonly used parameters:
addopts command line parameters, separated by spaces;
testpaths test case path;
markers marker parameters, the assignment method is key:value;
python_files module naming rules xx.py;
python_classes class name naming rules Xxx;
python_functions method Naming rules**
required_plugins plugin usage;
xfail_strict = true disables xpass;

2, affirmation

The pytest unit testing framework does not provide a special assert method, but directly uses Python's assert to assert.

import pytest

# 功能：用于计算 a 与 b 相加的和
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

# 功能：用于判断素数
def is_prime(n):
    if n <= 1:
        return False
    for i in range(2, n):
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
        return True

# 测试相等
def test_add_1():
    assert add(3, 4) == 7

# 测试不相等
def test_add_2():
    assert add(17, 22) != 50

# 测试大于或等于
def test_add_3():
    assert add(17, 22) <= 50

# 测试小于或等于
def test_add_4():
    assert add(17, 22) >= 38

# 测试包含
def test_in():
    a = "hello"
    b = "he"
    assert b in a

# 测试不包含
def test_not_in():
    a = "hello"
    b = "hi"
    assert b not in a

# 判断是否为 True
def test_true_1():
    assert is_prime(13)

# 判断是否为 True
def test_true_2():
    assert is_prime(7) is True

# 判断是否不为 True
def test_true_3():
    assert not is_prime(4)

# 判断是否不为 True
def test_true_4():
    assert is_prime(6) is not True

# 判断是否为 False
def test_false_1():
    assert is_prime(8) is False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-s", "0701.py"])

3、Fixture

Fixture is usually used to initialize or restore the test environment for test methods, test functions, test classes and the entire test file.

setup_module/teardown_module: Executed before and after all test cases in the current file.

setup_function/teardown_function: executed before and after each test function.

setup/teardown: executed before and after each test function. These two methods also work on class methods.

4. Parameterization

# argnames：参数名 
# argvalues：参数对应值，类型必须为可迭代类型，一般使用list 
@pytest.mark.parametrize(argnames, argvalues, indirect=False,ids=None, scope=None)

Example:

import pytest

class TestLogin:
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("username", "password"), [("zhangsan", "zhangsan123"), (" xiaoming", "xiaoming123")])
    def test_a(self, username, password):
        print(username)
        print(password)
        assert 1

5. Run the test

pytest provides a wealth of parameters to run test cases, and you can view the help through "pytest --help".

Run test cases whose name contains a certain string:
For example: pass "-k" to specify a test case whose name contains "add"

pytest -k add test.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
	pytest.main(["-k", "add", "test.py"])

Reduce the verbosity of the test run:
the run log has a lot less information, "-q" is used to reduce the verbosity of the test run; you can also use "-quiet" instead.

pytest -q test.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
	pytest.main(["-q", "test.py"])

If a test case fails, exit the test:
This is useful in the debugging phase of the test case. When a failed test case occurs, you should first pass the test case through debugging instead of continuing to execute subsequent tests Example.

pytest -x test.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
	pytest.main(["-x", "test.py"])

Run the test directory:
the test directory can specify either a relative path (such as ./test_dir) or an absolute path (such as D:\pytest_sample\test_dir).

pytest ./test_dir

Specify a specific class or method to execute:
here specify to run the test_numbers_5_6() method under the TestMultiply class in the test_fixtures_02.py file, and the file name, class name and method name are separated by the "::" symbol.

pytest test_fixtures_02.py::TestMultiply::test_numbers_5_6

6. Skip the test

How to use: Add the decorator @pytest.mark.skipif(condition, reason="xxx") on top of the test script that needs to be skipped

# condition：跳过的条件，必传参数 
# reason：标注原因，必传参数 
@pytest.mark.skipif(condition, reason=None)

7. Generate test report

Generate the JUnit XML file:

pytest ./test_dir --junit-xml=./report/log.xml

Generate an online test report:

pytest ./test_dir --pastebin=all

The above code can generate a session-log link, copy the link, open it through a browser, and you will get a test report in HTML format.

8. pytest plugin

pytest-html:
pytest-html can generate test reports in HTML format.
First, install the pytest-html extension via the pip command.

pip install pytest-html

Second, run the test case and generate a test report.

pytest ./ --html=./report/result.html

pytest-rerunfailures:
pytest-rerunfailures enables retrying of test cases when they fail.

pip install pytest-rerunfailures

Set the number of retries after the test case fails to run through the "-reruns" parameter.

pytest -v test.py --reruns 3

pytest-parallel:
The pytest-parallel extension enables parallel execution of test cases.

pip install pytest-parallel

The parameter "–tests-per-worker" is used to specify the number of threads, and "auto" means automatic allocation.

pytest -q test.py --tests-per-worker auto

Example:

from time import sleep

def test_01():
    sleep(3)

def test_02():
    sleep(5)

def test_03():
    sleep(6)

Running the test case without using threads took 14.05s, which was shortened to 6.02s after using it.

pytest-ordering:
Control function execution order.

pip3 install pytest-ordering

Use:
mark the function under test, @pytest.mark.run(order=x);
solve the running order according to the parameters passed in order;
when the order values are all positive or all negative, the running order: the smaller the value, The higher the priority;
both positive and negative numbers exist: positive numbers have higher priority;

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