In the Tang Dynasty, poets, literature and politicians were like crucian carp crossing the river. There are two characters that cannot be ignored, that is, Wei Yingwu and Wei Zhuang. Among them, Wei Yingwu is Wei Zhuang's great-grandfather.
Jingzhao Wei's was one of the most important gentry families in the entire Tang Dynasty. There were talented people from generation to generation, and they were well-dressed. They were the first among the surnames in Guanzhong. The Wei family had a great influence in the Tang Dynasty, and there is a common saying in the market, " Wedu in the south of the city, go to Tianchiwu " . In the Tang Dynasty, 20 members of the Wei family served as prime ministers. It can be said that no other family in the entire Tang Dynasty can match it. Wei Yingwu's poetic style is calm and elegant, and he is good at describing scenery and describing life in seclusion. Wei Zhuang is a representative figure of the Huajian School in the late Tang Dynasty, and he and Wen Tingyun are collectively called " Wen Wei " .
Poets of the Tang Dynasty: Wei Yingwu and Wei Zhuang
Wei Yingwu: The spring tide brings rain and comes late, and the wild crossing is unmanned.
Wei Yingwu's label: The prodigal son turns back, and the poor guest dies.
In the Tang Dynasty Kaiyuan prosperity, Wufu and Minfeng, Tang Xuanzong Li Longji was still eating 300 lychees with Yang Guifei. Behind them there was always a young man with a sword. The young man had a handsome and serious face. He was 15 years old and served as a royal guard with a sword . This boy is Wei Yingwu.
Compared with Wang Bo, Li He, and King Luo Bin, Wei Yingwu is not a child prodigy. At the age of 15, Wei Yingwu regarded himself as noble and did nothing. The first is because he is the emperor's close servant, and ordinary dignitaries have to curry favor with him; the second is that the Wei family tree has deep roots and has been reused by successive emperors; the third is that he was arranged by his grandfather to study in the Taixue, and he is regarded as a nobleman of the royal family. Only then can we have a chance. Therefore, the young Wei Yingwu is arrogant and domineering. He often brings a few servants to bully the people and vendors around him. People around him hate this dude very much. Even once, this young master Wei saw a very beautiful girl on the street, and he and his friends snatched the girl from the street. When the officers and soldiers saw that it was Wei Yingwu, they didn't dare to ask a question. It is conceivable how arrogant Wei Yingwu was at that time.
Wei Yingwu thought he could be a son of a family for the rest of his life , but it was a pity that only five years had passed before the Anshi Rebellion came, and the situation was out of control. Tang Xuanzong Li Longji fled to Chengdu in a hurry to avoid disaster. The remaining prince Li Heng led his troops to resist the rebels tenaciously, and later the prince proclaimed himself emperor, who became Tang Suzong later.
This year Wei Yingwu was 20 years old, and everyone saw the changes in the son of the Wei family. Wei Yingwu changed his previous habits and began to read and write seriously, and he was completely different from before. " It's too late to study, learn to write poems with a pen . " There are two reasons why Wei Yingwu completely changed. First, Tang Suzong cleaned up the previous guards and replaced them with his own people. Wei Yingwu realized that he could not go on like this forever. The second is that 20 -year-old Wei Yingwu officially married his wife, and his wife is Yuan Ping. In Wei Yingwu's later poems, this married wife was often mentioned, and she got married and started a business.
When the prodigal son turns back, Wei Yingwu is extremely smart, and his scholarly family has such good conditions. As long as he gets serious, he will be out of control. Over the past few years , Wei Yingwu's knowledge has improved, and he has been recognized by his family's uncles. Later, Wei Yingwu was recommended by his family to work in Luoyang as Luoyang Cheng. However, Wei Yingwu's life was too rigid, which was incompatible with the officialdom at the time. Later, he applied for a change of post, so he was transferred to Henan Bingcao. This post was dedicated to managing military supplies and equipment. Once, because he arrested several soldiers who violated military discipline, but these soldiers were not under his jurisdiction, they were caught and dismissed and returned home.
Tang: Wei Yingwu
It's a bit embarrassing for the dude back then to leave his job and return home now. Wei Yingwu began to travel the mountains and rivers of the motherland. During this period, his poems were squeezed into the ocean of Tang Dynasty poetry.
Later, Wei Yingwu went to Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangnan and other places to serve as an official. In 783 A.D., 47 -year-old Wei Yingwu was the governor of Chuzhou. In Yuxiu in Langya Mountain, he wrote: "Chuzhou Xijian"
独怜幽草涧边生，上有黄鹂深树鸣。
春潮带雨晚来急，野渡无人舟自横。At this time, Wei Yingwu's heart is like still water, as if he has adapted to everything in the world. He wants to flatten a lonely boat and let the bright moon shine on the river. Wei Yingwu seems to have opened up the three major knowledges of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, and naturally has a deeper understanding of heaven and earth.
From most of Wei Yingwu's works, it can be seen that he has been contradictory. On the one hand, he wants to be a recluse like Mr. Wuliu's biography, and on the other hand, he wants to fulfill his duties as an official and benefit one side. It is said that he often reduced or exempted the people from taxes and used his salary to help the victims of disasters, which made his life very poor. Later, he served as governor of Suzhou, and the local people loved him very much. Later generations called him Wei Suzhou.
After his term as governor of Suzhou expired, Wei Yingwu was 55 years old, frail and sickly, often unable to handle documents, and he felt sorry for the court's salary. So he packed his bags and prepared to go home. But this famous family, who had been receiving the imperial salary for a long time, found that he did not have the travel expenses to go home. He could only live in a temple first. On a peaceful night, Wei Yingwu, a generation of poets, passed away. A few months later, members of the Wei family transported his coffin back to his ancestral home, Shaoling.
The second half of Wei Yingwu's life trajectory represents most ancient literati, but referring to his background and youthful behavior, it is indeed rare. Wei Yingwu's poems are of great research value. He and Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, and Liu Zongyuan synthesized Wang Mengweiliu , is a relatively special poet in the Tang Dynasty, and the only famous poet in the Wei family before Tang Dynasty.
Wei Zhuang: If you are not old, don’t return to your hometown, you must be heartbroken to return to your hometown
Wei Zhuang's label: a late bloomer, famous in Shu
In 874 A.D., the Huangchao uprising was unstoppable. The Tang Empire experienced nearly 300 years of time. The prosperity was gone and the wind and rain were precarious. Wei Zhuang personally experienced the collapse of the Tang Dynasty. Wei Zhuang is the great-grandson of Wei Yingwu and the great poet of the Wei family in the late Tang Dynasty. Different from the Anshi Rebellion experienced by Wei Yingwu, what Wei Zhuang experienced was the destruction of the country and the family, unable to recover. His aura of life is mostly after the age of 60 .
It was an extremely bleak autumn . An old man refused to listen to the dissuasion of his relatives and friends, and insisted on going to Beijing for the sixth time to take the exam . Tang " word, he realized the panic of dynastic change. So he fled Chang'an in panic, encountering conflicts between the two armies several times along the way, and almost died.
This old man is Wei Zhuang. Although the Wei family is still famous, the Wei Zhuang branch has declined like Datang. Wei Zhuang's family has been in decline since he was a child , and he failed to apply for the exam many times, so he can be regarded as a poor scholar. The sixth time I went to Beijing to rush for the exam, and encountered the Huang Chao uprising. Later, Wei Zhuang heard that Tang Xizong had fled to Hanzhong, so he rushed to Hanzhong to serve him . Wei Zhuang was 60 years old at this time . He was appointed by the simple " Cao Zhao " of Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty at that time : Xiaoshulang, and began his official career in the late Tang Dynasty.
Since the regime of the Tang Dynasty was already in danger at that time, Wei Zhuang had already made plans to serve the country to the death. Three years later, Wei Zhuang received an edict from Emperor Zhaozong of Tang to go west to Shu. It turned out that Xichuan and Dongchuan were at odds and sent troops to fight against each other. Wei Zhuang came to mediate under the imperial edict. Unexpectedly, after arriving in Dongchuan, Dongchuan Wang Jian admired Wei Zhuang very much, "retained" Wei Zhuang, and defeated Xichuan . Wei Zhuang didn't want to be in Dongchuan Wang Jianmu for the time being, so he managed to get away. Three years later, the 65- year-old Wei Zhuang did two significant things. The first was to sort out "Youxuan Collection". This collection contained many ancient poems, including 19 poems by female poets. This was a precedent at the time. of. The second is to select talents for the imperial court. Some historical figures who have not passed the scientific examination but have strong writing ability, such as Li He, Jia Dao, Wen Tingyun, etc., are posthumously honored as Jinshi. The imperial court has done a good job in selecting talents for the future. example.
In the second year, when Wei Zhuang was 66 years old, Tang Zhaozong was imprisoned by eunuchs, and Prince Li Yu was established as emperor. Wei Zhuang was extremely angry and decided to defect to Wang Jian. In 907 AD , 71 -year-old Wei Zhuang cried for three days on a hunger strike after learning that the Tang Dynasty had fallen. Later, Wang Jian established the Kingdom of Shu and appointed Wei Zhuang, who was in his rare years, as prime minister. Many of the founding systems of the Shu Kingdom were formulated by Wei Zhuang.
It is said that when Wei Zhuang first entered Shu as an official, he often went to Du Fu's thatched cottage, and was reluctant to return home for a long time. Later, he helped Shu govern the country and died when he was appointed as the prime minister. He was 75 years old.
Wei Zhuang's poems are extremely neat. He and Wen Tingyun are both representative writers of the " Huajian School " , and they are also called " Wen Wei " . Most of his poems have the theme of lamenting the passing of time, nostalgia for the past, and nostalgia for the past. His quatrains are deeply emotional, full of charm, and thought-provoking. He is a rare poet.
Webster's two great poets, Wei Yingwu was born in a noble family, and it is rare to be a late bloomer. Wei Zhuang failed to succeed after repeated trials. The life encounters of the two of them created their literary achievements.