0. Official information:
https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html
https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html
1. Import the turtle drawing library
import turtle 2. Window control
| turtle.bgcolor(*args) | set background color |
| turtle.bgpic(picname =None) | background image padding |
| turtle.title("name") | set window name |
3. Motion Control
| turtle.goto(x,y) |
The brush is positioned at coordinates (x,y) |
| turtle.setx(x) |
The first coordinate is set to x |
| turtle.sety(y) |
The second coordinate is set to y |
| turtle.forward(distance) |
Move forward by the specified distance |
| turtle.backward(distance) |
Move backward by the specified distance |
| turtle.right(angle) |
turn right by angle unit |
| turtle.left(angle) |
Turn left by angle unit |
| turtle.home() |
move to origin |
| turtle.speed(speed) |
move at speed |
| turtle.circle(radius, extent=None,steps=None) | Draw according to radius radius [arc of extent angle || inscribed regular polygon of steps sides] |
| turtle.dot(r) |
draws a dot of specified diameter and color |
4. Brush Control
| turtle. pendown() |
Put the pen down, in this state, the trajectory of the movement will be drawn |
| turtle.penup() |
Lift the pen to move without drawing graphics, and use it to draw in another place |
| turtle.pensize(width=None) |
brush thickness |
| turtle.pencolor(*args) |
brush color |
| turtle.fillcolor(*args) |
fill color |
| turtle.begin_fill() |
start filling |
| turtle.end_fill() |
end padding |
| turtle.seth(angle) | Set the direction of the turtle's travel (the angle is counterclockwise), but not travel, such as -40 is to the lower right. |
5. Turtle Appearance
| turtle.hideturtle() |
make invisible |
| turtle.showturtle() |
make visible |
| turtle.isvisible() |
Returns whether the current turtle is visible |
Brush shape:
| turtle.shape(name=None) | name: a string with a valid name | |
| “arrow” | “turtle” | “circle” |
| “square” | “triangle” | “classic” |
6. Other commands
| turtle.clear() |
Removes the drawing from the screen, but the turtle's position and state are not changed |
| turtle.reset() |
Removes the plot from the screen, re-centers it, and sets variables to default values. |
| turtle.undo() |
Undo the last turtle action |
| turtle.delay(delay=None) | Returns or sets the drawing delay (in milliseconds). The longer the drawing delay, the slower the animation will be. |
| turtle.write(arg, move=False, align=”left”, font=(“Arial”, 8, “normal”)) |
write text. arg: text content; move: whether to move; align: alignment ("left", "center" or right"); font: font name, font size, font type. |
7. Example 1
import turtle #导入turtle包
turtle.shape("turtle") #画笔形状
turtle.title("实例1") #设置窗口名称
turtle.penup() #起笔，在此状态下不会画出运动的轨迹
turtle.goto(-125,-25.) #画笔定位到坐标(x,y)
turtle.pendown() #落笔，在此状态下会画出运动的轨迹
#turtle.begin_fill()
def cfx():
turtle.forward(100) #向正方向运动 distance 长的距离
turtle.right(90) #向右偏 angle 度
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.right(90)
for i in range(20): #循环遍历20次
cfx()
turtle.right(18)
working process:
