Information system
Information systems , or (Information Systems), are technically a set of interrelated components that collect (or acquire), process, store, and distribute information in support of organizational decision-making and control. In addition to supporting decision-making, collaboration, and control, information systems can also be used to help managers and workers analyze and solve problems, visualize complexity, and create new products. From a business perspective, an information system is a system used to solve the challenges posed by the environment. , Organizational management scheme based on information technology. When the word "information system" is usually used, it refers specifically to an information system that relies on computer technology.
Imagining the use of information systems in the Mars program
A computer-based information system is a human-computer interaction system with computer software , hardware , data access and information circulation as the core technology .
An information system is composed of a series of interrelated components, and is a system that provides support for organizational decision-making and organizational control through the collection, processing, storage, and release of information . Information systems include information about all important people, geographic locations, and things within an organization and its surrounding environment. From "Management Information Systems Managing The Digital Firm"
According to Laudon's MIS hierarchy and the relationship between the system
There are six major systems supporting four classes:
knowledge management class
Mainly KWS (Knowledge Work System, knowledge work system) and OS (Office System, office system), responsible for accumulating knowledge and assisting in the use of knowledge to improve the competitiveness of the organization. Managers at this level can also apply DSS to complete relevant decision-making work.
Management Control Hierarchy
Mainly MRS (Management Reporting System, Management Reporting System), which is narrowly defined as MIS (Management Information System, Management Information System), integrates various data collected by each DPS, provides organizational management information, and reflects the current status of the department. Its content is usually Department function-oriented, used to solve various structural problems, can generate comprehensive summaries and exception reports for use by middle-level managers, usually a large-scale integrated structure. Managers at this level can also apply DSS to complete relevant decision-making work.
Strategic Planning Hierarchy
computerized information system
It is mainly EIS (Executive Information System, Executive Information System) or ESS (Executive Support System, Executive Support System), which provides organizational status and supports high-level decision-making. It is a computerized system that supports and provides decision-making information required by senior executives . It also supports the capabilities required by supervisors for planning, analysis and communication, with an emphasis on tracking, control and communication. It is further divided into an organizational status reporting system and an interpersonal communication support system. Managers at this level can also apply DSS to complete relevant decision-making work. DSS is an information system that assists human beings in making decisions. It assists users in planning and analyzing various action plans. It is often carried out by trial and error. It usually uses a conversational method to solve semi-structural or non-structural problems. However, its The emphasis is on supporting rather than replacing human decision-making.
Information Systems and Business---Three Dimensions of Information Systems
Information systems have three dimensions --- the organizational dimension, the management dimension and the information technology dimension. These three dimensions can help us to create a more comprehensive cognitive information system by solving problems in corporate organization and management, helping companies cope with various challenges in the surrounding environment, and creating value for companies. This comprehensive understanding is called information systems literacy. Therefore, information systems are not just computers. Organizational dimension: The basic elements of an organization include the organization's people, structure, business processes, organizational politics, and organizational culture. The organization consists of different levels and areas of specialization, with a clear division of labor. The organizational form of the enterprise is hierarchical, consisting of three main levels: top management, middle management and lower management. Scientists and knowledge workers are usually together with middle management. Information systems provide services at every level of the enterprise. Management Dimension: The job of management is to recognize the various situations in which the organization finds itself, make decisions, and formulate courses of action to solve problems. Technology dimension: Information technology is one of the many tools managers use to deal with change. Including computer hardware, software, data management technology, network and telecommunications technology, Internet technology and required operations, management personnel, all represent resources that can be shared by the entire organization and constitute the information technology infrastructure of the enterprise (information technology infrastructure) . Information technology infrastructure is the cornerstone and platform for an enterprise to build a specific information system. "Management Information System---Managing a Digital Company"
Using information systems to support competitive strategies
Product differentiation
Use information systems to provide differentiated products, or generate new products and services.
Centralized differentiation
Identify products and services that do better than others and create new market niches.
ECR (Efficient Customer Response)
A circulation mode that realizes the needs of consumers the fastest and best at the lowest cost through the integration of the respective economic activities of manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers .
QR (Quick Response)
It refers to the fact that the logistics industry is facing a diverse and small buyer's market, instead of stockpiling products, it has prepared various elements, and can respond quickly to the needs of consumers when users make requests.
switching cost
Refers to the one-time cost incurred when a customer switches from one supplier of a product or service to another.
cost leadership strategy
It means that by reducing their own production and operation costs, the company can gain market share and obtain higher profits than the same industry at a price lower than that of competitors .
data mining
Analyze a large amount of data in an automatic or semi-automatic manner to find meaningful relationships or rules, and provide analytical calculation methods including statistical analysis , artificial intelligence , decision trees , neural networks , etc., including qualitative and quantitative analysis .
application system
Group Support System
Information systems are divided by the objects they support, and can also be divided into systems that support individuals (DSS), systems that support groups (such as group software ), systems that support departments (such as marketing IS) and systems that support the entire enterprise (such as ERP ), and since it is an era that emphasizes teamwork, the group support system is an indispensable system for general organizations. Group Support System can be divided into Groupware and Work Flow System. [1]