Information Systems and Software Engineering for Information Systems Supervisors
- development method
Common development models:
The waterfall model divides the development process into six stages: software planning, requirements analysis, software design, program coding, software testing, and operation and maintenance. It specifies them from top to bottom and is suitable for large-scale software development processes.
The transformation model is based on the rapid development of a prototype, according to the user's feedback and suggestions, the prototype is improved until it evolves into the final software product.
Spiral Model: Combines waterfall and transformation models with added risk analysis.
Fountain Model: It provides support for software reuse and the integration of multiple development activities in the life cycle, and is an object-oriented development method.
Intelligent Model: A knowledge-based software development model, combined with an expert system, is a rule-based system.
V-Model: A test-centric development model.
Incremental Model: Combines the basic ingredients of the waterfall model with the iterative features of a prototype implementation; it employs a linear sequence that is staggered over time. Its biggest advantage is the flexible allocation of personnel.
The RAD model is an incremental software development process model that emphasizes a very short development cycle. It is a component-based development method.
The CBSD model uses a modular approach to modularize the entire system. The whole process is divided into five stages: demand analysis and definition, architecture design, establishment of component library, application software construction, testing and release.
Common component tools include Microsoft's DCOM, Sun's EJB and OMG's CORBA.
The prototype method model is suitable for use in the early stages of product development when requirements are uncertain. It is often divided into horizontal prototypes and vertical prototypes.
The XP method model is a lightweight, efficient, low-risk, flexible, predictable, scientific and fun software development method. It consists of four parts: values, principles, practices and behaviors.
The RUP method model is a unified software development process and a general process framework that can be applied to multi-domain project development. It is also component-based, and the modeling language used is UML. It has three characteristics: use case-driven, basic Architecture is centric, iterative and incremental. Its software process is divided into four stages in time: initial stage --- refinement stage --- construction stage --- delivery stage.
Feasibility study mainly from five aspects: economic feasibility, technical feasibility, legal feasibility, implementation feasibility, optional.
- demand analysis
Data flow diagram is an important method and tool in structured analysis. It is a method to express the flow of data in the system and describe the function of the system through data flow. It has 4 basic symbols: data flow, processing, data storage and external entities, and the data flow diagram follows the principle of "top-down, layer-by-layer decomposition".
- software design
Software design is divided into general design and detailed design.
Software design consists of four independent and interrelated activities: data design, architecture design, interface design, and process design.
Structural design includes tasks such as architecture design, interface design, data design, and process design. It is a data flow-oriented design method that adopts top-down, step-by-step refinement and modularization.
- Programming
The programming style should try to achieve the readability of the program from four aspects: source program documentation, data description, statement structure and input/output methods.
- software test
Types of software testing: dynamic testing, white-box and grey-box testing and static testing, code review
Note: Static testing can also implement white-box testing, such as using manual code inspection methods to check for logical problems in the code.
According to the purpose and stage of testing, testing can be divided into unit testing, integration testing, confirmation testing and system testing.
Acceptance testing usually includes: functional testing, performance testing, stress testing, configuration testing, platform testing, security testing, recovery testing, and reliability testing, etc.
- Software maintenance
Software maintenance points 60% to 80% of the entire software life cycle. Common maintenance types are divided into three types: corrective maintenance, maintenance performed by adaptive maintenance, and perfect maintenance. In addition to the above, there is also a preventive maintenance.
- software project management
There are two software quality characteristic standards: ISO/IEC9126 software quality model and MCCall software quality model.
CMM and CMMI are two standards for software process improvement.
SCM is a technique for identifying, organizing and controlling modifications.
- object-oriented approach
An object refers to a set of properties and related operations on this set of properties; an object consists of three parts: object name, properties and operations.
A class is a collection of objects with the same properties and the same operations; a class consists of three parts: a class name, properties, and operations.
Inheritance is a mechanism by which different classes share properties and operations within a hierarchical association of classes. Inheritance is a core idea that distinguishes object-oriented methods from other methods.
The basic unit of encapsulation is the object. There are three major advantages of encapsulation: it can reduce coupling; the class can be changed freely; there is a clearer interface.
A message is a means of communication between objects. A message usually includes the name of the receiving object, the name of the operation to call, and the appropriate parameters.
Common methods of object-oriented analysis:
1. Coad/Yourdon method
2. Booch method;
3, OMT method;
4、OOSE