"Basics of Publishing" 2015 Edition (Primary) Thoughts and Exercises Chapter Five

1. What is grammar? What are words, phrases and sentences? What is rhetoric?
2. Which part of speech do the following dotted words belong to?
(1) The teacher [educates] the students hard.
[Education] is the foundation of a country.
(2) This is the [rule] left by the ancestors.
He has always been very [rule].
(3) Grandma is a [understanding] person.
I finally [understand] this truth.
(4) The bee is different from other insects, it is very [special].
Tiananmen looks [specially] magnificent.
3. Try to distinguish and analyze the following groups of synonyms.
(2) tenacious - obstinate
(2) destroying - destroying
(3) cultivating - supporting
(4) heavy - burdensome
(5) stingy - stingy
(6) hopeful - longing
(7) event - accident
4, correct the following mistakes words.
(1) The students warmly welcome the new teacher.
(2) For correct opinions, we should be firm.
(3) Everyone should cherish time.
(4) More than thirty years ago, a fierce battle took place here.
(5) We believe that he will make greater achievements and keep moving forward.
(6) I regard growing flowers as a pleasure in life.
5. Explain the type of the following phrases.
Arrange to use the domestic situation to carry forward the merits
to make a fire in the grasslands to cook in the rented houses all over the mountains and fields to grow wheat,
to be of high moral character and elect him as the squad leader to open the gate to release the water Peking University
stop visiting the driver Xiao Wang We believe in plastic
6. Use the encirclement method to divide the following complex phrases into levels and indicate the relationship.
(1) I like to explore complex issues in history
(2) Surrounded by snowy peaks
(3) Walk into a world full of flowers
(4) An advanced figure who carries out spiritual civilization activities
(5) bought pencils, brushes and novels written by Wang Meng
7, try to analyze the following ambiguous phrases.
(1) The plan related to the survival of the enterprise
(2) The army that loves the people
(3) The middle school student who watched volleyball
(4) Bitten his dog
(5) Imported mechanical and electrical products
8. Use the structural analysis method to analyze the following sentences Element.
(1) The last thing I can forget is his back view.
(2) Selected Fiction is a popular publication among readers.
(3) His homework is written neatly every time.
(4) Improving the scientific and cultural level of the entire Chinese nation is the vital cause of hundreds of millions of people.
(5) The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River has left the dreams of many people.
9. Modify the following ill sentences.
(1) The soldiers braved the torrential rain and the muddy path to advance quickly.
(2) Many masterpieces handed down in ancient Chinese painting and calligraphy are not only treasures in the treasure house of human art, but also art treasures of the Chinese nation.
(3) Autumn in Beijing is a beautiful season.
(4) What a beautiful picture the rustling waves and the silvery sea make up.
(5) Through the inspection, everyone discussed, found out, and solved some problems in extracurricular activities.
10. Point out the types of the following complex sentences and draw the associated words.
(1) Sarcasm shows the power of his attack, while humor shows the wisdom of his counterattack.
(2) As long as you keep exercising, you can strengthen your physique.
(3) If you don't break out in silence, you will perish in silence.
(4) Unless there is a heavy rain, we will never stop working.
11. Try to analyze the following repeated sentences.
(1) A writer, no matter how strong his ability to observe life and how high his writing level is, without a comprehensive understanding and accumulation of life, it is difficult to write good works.
(2) He pays great attention to collecting observation records and related documents since ancient times, but he never "fakes the ancients" and never binds himself in the classics and documents.
(3) Although we may not all be able to become great scientists and thinkers, we must seek knowledge and be ignorant of the truth.
(4) Just because great ideals are in line with social progress, in line with the interests of the people, and in line with the law of social development, people have been respecting and cherishing those who have great ideals and struggle for them for thousands of years. them, remember them.
(5) No matter what you study and research, as long as you concentrate on it, work hard, and make unremitting efforts, you will definitely gain something.
12. Modify the following complex sentences.
(1) The content of this novel is wonderful, but the language is unpretentious and approachable.
(2) The patient must be injected with this drug before dawn on the fourth day, so it cannot be saved.
(3) Cultivating a new generation of young people is not just a matter of the school, but a matter of the whole society.
(4) Although the weather is so changeable, Tianchi Lake is still, and the water in the lake is as clear as a mirror.
13. Point out what rhetorical method is used in the following sentences, and what special expressive effects are there
(1) Lotus flowers on all sides and willows on three sides, a city with mountains and half a city with lakes.
(2) Is there anything greater than this kind of love in the world? It is this love that I want to write about.
(3) Looking at each other without words, only tears dry up.
(4) To be close to virtuous ministers and far away from villains is the reason why the Han Dynasty prospered: to be close to virtuous ministers and far away from virtuous ministers is the reason why the later Han Dynasty declined.
(5) The clouds move, the wind blows quietly, the grass rustles, and the sheep sleep deeply.
(6) A year's plan is like a tree valley; a ten-year plan is like a tree; a lifetime plan is like a tree. (7) I am a cloud in the sky
, occasionally projecting on your wave heart.
(8) He is a handsome man, as sincere as he is in a skirt!
(9) When we meet, we greet each other, and after the greeting, he says I am "fat", and after saying that I am "fat", he scolds his new party.
(10) The back of Zhu Bajie - the back of Wuneng (the incompetent).
(11) Adults are uncomfortable, and being comfortable is not an adult.
(12) Nie Er wrote the end of his life prematurely at the age of 23.
14. Analyze the following sentences in terms of rhetorical forms, and explain their expressive effects.
(1) Peach Blossom listened fascinatedly, and couldn't help shedding a few pink tears, which condensed on the ground one by one. To the beat of the voice, it will fall down and rise up for a while, and there is no time to calm down.
(2) Spring is like a baby that has just landed, it is new from head to toe, and it is growing. Spring is like a little girl, beautifully dressed, walking with a smile. Spring is like a strong young man with iron arms, waist and feet, leading us forward.
(3) There are so many dali flowers that gardeners can't name them. The flowers in Dali are so gorgeous that artists can't adjust the colors to dye them. Dali flowers
are so delicate that writers can't think of words to describe the fragrance of Dali flowers. When outsiders come to the foot of Cangshan Mountain and the Erhai Sea, they will suddenly feel euphoric and drunk without wine.
(4) Diligence is the spark that ignites wisdom, and laziness is the grave that buries genius.
15. Point out the inappropriate use of rhetorical methods in the following sentences, and explain the reasons.
(1) Qiu Yu danced joyfully for a few days at a time, unable to do any work, it was really boring.
(2) The big trees were lying on the ground like captives.
(3) When she talked about the suffering she suffered in the old society, tears spewed out like a water pipe.
(4) The students come from all corners of the country, some from the mountains, some from the plains, some from Guangzhou, some from Hunan, some from the countryside, and some from the army.