1. Overview of Windows disks and files
1. Introduction to disks, files and folders
1. Disk Introduction
The disk name is composed of letters and English colons, among which A: and B: represent floppy disks, which are rarely used now. Open "My Computer", and in the following "Removable Storage Devices", the first one is a floppy disk.
The hard disk is generally divided into several areas, starting from the C: disk. C: is generally also called the system disk, and the operating system is installed in it.
The disc is also in "Removable Storage Devices", the icon is a disc.
If you plug in a USB flash drive or other USB devices, there is also a removable disk in "Removable Storage Devices".
2. Documentation
A file is a complete and named information collection organized in a certain form, and is the basic storage unit of data organization in a computer system. In the tiled display mode of the Windows 7 operating system, the file is mainly composed of the file name, file extension, separator, file icon, and file description information.
- File name: The name used to identify the file, the user can customize the name of the file to facilitate its management.
- File extension: It is a mechanism used to identify the file format in the operating system, such as the file "experiment report.docx", docx is its extension, indicating that this file is a Word file.
- Separator: Used to distinguish file names from file extensions.
- File icon: It is used to indicate the category of the current file, which is automatically established by the application.
- File description information: used to display information such as the size and type of the file.
3. folder
A folder is a file container. Each file is stored in a folder or "subfolder" (folder within a folder). Files can be categorized and stored in different folders for easy search.
A disk can contain multiple folders and files, a folder can contain multiple files and subfolders, and subfolders can also contain multiple files and folders.
2. Basic operation of files and folders
1. Set the display mode of files and folders
Click the "Change Icon" button in the window toolbar, and select the corresponding command in the pop-up menu to apply the corresponding display mode:
- "Icon" display mode: display the images contained in the folder on the folder icon, which can quickly identify the contents of the folder, and is often used in the picture folder. There are four icon display modes including "Extra Large Icons", "Large Icons", "Medium Icons" and "Small Icons".
- "List" display mode: If the folder contains many files, the list display is convenient for quickly finding a certain file. In this display mode, files and folders can be classified, but files cannot be arranged in groups.
- "Detailed information" display method: Display detailed information of related files or folders, including name, type, size and date, etc.
- "Tile" display mode: display files or folders in the form of icons plus file information, which is a common way to view files or folders.
- "Content" display mode: display the creation date, modification date and size of the file.
- You can also select the display mode through the shortcut menu, right-click in the folder display window, and select the "View" command in the shortcut menu to select the display mode.
2. Create new files and folders
The creation of files and folders is accomplished through shortcut menu commands in the corresponding windows.
Create a new folder on the D drive and name it "Computer Basic Experiment". Create a subfolder "Chapter 1" in it, and create a Word document in the subfolder, named "Experimental Report 1". The operation steps are as follows:
- Double-click the "Computer" icon on the desktop to open the "Computer" window, double-click the D drive icon to open the "Local Disk (D:)" window. Click the "New Folder" command on the toolbar or right-click the blank space in the window, and select the "New" and "Folder" commands in the pop-up shortcut menu to create a new folder in the window.
- At this point, the name text box of the new folder in the window is in an editable state, enter "computer basic experiment", and press Enter to complete the creation.
- Double-click the newly created folder to open the "Computer Basic Experiment" folder window, create a new subfolder in the same way, and name it "Chapter 1".
- Double-click the "Chapter 1" folder to open the "Chapter 1" folder window, click the right mouse button, and select the "New" and "Microsoft Word Document" command in the pop-up shortcut menu to create a new Word document in the window and save it to Name it "Experiment Report 1".
3. Rename a file or folder
After right-clicking a file or folder, select the "Rename" command in the pop-up shortcut menu, enter a new name in the file or folder name input box, press Enter after completion, or click in another blank space .
4. Select files and folders
Individual files or folders can be selected by clicking the file or folder icon with the mouse. To select multiple files or folders, use the following methods:
- Select multiple adjacent files or folders: press and hold the left mouse button at the starting position of the files or folders to be selected and drag, then a blue rectangle will appear in the window, framed After the file or folder needs to be selected, release the mouse to complete the selection.
- Select multiple consecutive files or folders: After clicking a certain file or folder icon, press and hold the Shift key, and then click the last file or folder icon to select between the two files or folders All consecutive files or folders between.
- Select multiple discontinuous files or folders: hold down the Ctrl key and click the files or folders to be selected in turn.
- Select all files or folders: Click the "Organize" button in the window, choose the "Select All" command, or press Ctrl+A.
5. Moving and copying files or folders
To move a file or folder:
- Select the folder or file to be moved, click the right mouse button, and select the "Cut" command in the pop-up shortcut menu, then open the target folder, click the right mouse button, and select the "Paste" command in the pop-up shortcut menu.
- Select the files or folders to be moved, click the "Organize" button in the window, select the "Cut" command, then open the target folder, click the "Organize" button in the window, and select the "Paste" command.
Tip: Select the file or folder to be moved, and use the combination keys Ctrl+X and Ctrl+V to realize the functions of "cut" and "paste". Alternatively, drag files or folders directly to the target folder with the mouse.
.Moving and copying files or folders
To copy files or folders:
- Select the folder or file to be moved, click the right mouse button, and select the "Copy" command in the pop-up shortcut menu, then open the target folder, click the right mouse button, and select the "Paste" command in the pop-up shortcut menu.
- Select the files or folders to be moved, click the "Organize" button in the window, select the "Copy" command, then open the target folder, click the "Organize" button in the window, and select the "Paste" command.
Tip: Select the file or folder to be copied, and use the combination keys Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V to realize the functions of "copy" and "paste". Or, hold down the Ctrl key and drag the file or folder directly to the target folder with the mouse.
The "clipboard" is used when moving or copying files. The clipboard is an area in memory and is a very useful gadget built into Windows. A temporary storage area for information, which can be text or graphics, when copying or moving information from one place to another. When copying or moving information between files, use the Cut or Copy command to move the selection to the Clipboard, where it is stored until inserted elsewhere using the Paste command. board.
The clipboard is invisible and can only hold one message at a time. Every time information is copied to the clipboard, the old information on the clipboard will be replaced with new information.
6. Delete a file or folder
Select the file or folder to be deleted, press the Delete key, and the deleted file or folder will be placed in the recycle bin. If you accidentally delete a file or folder, you can use the "Recycle Bin" to restore the deleted file or folder.
Double-click the "Recycle Bin" icon to open the "Recycle Bin" window, select the file or folder to be restored, and execute the "Restore This Item" command on the toolbar (or right-click and select the "Restore" command in the pop-up shortcut menu ), the selected files or folders will be restored to their original location.
If you really want to delete a file or folder, you can select it in the recycle bin and execute the "Organize" and "Delete" commands, or right-click and select the "Delete" command in the pop-up shortcut menu.
If you want to completely delete all objects in the recycle bin, you can execute the "Empty Recycle Bin" command on the toolbar. You can also press the Shift+Delete key combination after selecting the file or folder to be deleted, so that the deleted file will not be placed in the recycle bin but will be completely deleted directly.
7. Search for files or folders
When you forget where the file or folder is saved or don't remember the full name of the file or folder, you can quickly find the desired file or folder by using the search function of Windows 7. Just enter the name or part of the name of the file or folder you want to find in the "Search" text box, and the system will automatically search according to the entered content and display the searched results in the window.
Find files and folders related to "Grade Exam" in your computer.
The operation steps are as follows:
- Double-click the "Computer" icon to open the "Computer" window, and click the "Search" button in the toolbar.
- Input "level test" in the "Search" text box, the system will search and display the results in the window.
- The settings for files and folders mainly include setting properties of files or folders, displaying hidden files or folders, and setting personalized folder icons, etc.
8. File and folder settings
Set the properties of the subfolder "Chapter 1" in the "Computer Basic Experiment" folder on the D drive to read-only and hidden, and personalize the icon of the "Computer Basic Experiment" folder.
The operation steps are as follows:
Open the "Computer Basic Experiment" folder on the D disk, select the "Chapter 1" folder, click the right mouse button, and select the "Properties" command in the pop-up shortcut menu.
Open the "Properties" dialog box as shown in the figure below, select the "Read-only" and "Hidden" check boxes in the "Properties" column of the "General" tab, and click the "OK" button.
Open the "Confirm Property Changes" dialog box, select the "Apply changes to this folder, subfolders, and files" radio button, and click the "OK" button. Return to the window of the "Computer Basic Experiment" folder, and the "Chapter 1" folder is no longer displayed.
9. Explorer
"Explorer" is a resource management tool provided by the Windows operating system, and it is one of the essential functions of Windows. You can view and manage all resources on the computer through the resource manager. There are many ways to open the resource manager. Double-click the "Computer" icon on the Windows 7 desktop or press the shortcut key Win+E to quickly open the resource manager.
- "Search box": Quickly search information such as documents, pictures and programs.
- "Address bar": Each level of directory provides small arrows in the drop-down menu. Click these small arrows to quickly view and select other folders in the specified directory. Click the left mouse button on the blank space of the address bar to make the address bar display the file path in the traditional way.
- "Preview Pane": To preview the content of the file without opening the file, click the "Show Preview Pane" icon to display the preview pane on the right side of the explorer. You can adjust the size of the preview pane by dragging the dividing line between the file browsing area and the preview pane.
3. Library
The "Library" of Windows 7 is actually a special folder, but the system does not save all the files in the "Library" folder, but indexes the same type of files distributed in different locations on the hard disk, and saves the file information. To the "library", simply speaking, what is saved in the library is only the shortcut of some folders or files, which does not change the original path of the file, so it can be managed centrally without changing the storage location of the file, which improves the efficiency of our work. efficiency.
The emergence of the library has changed the traditional file management method. Simply put, the library is a file management function that integrates the search function and the file management function.
What the library advocates is to access all resources through searching and indexing, rather than accessing by file path and file name. Searching and indexing is to establish the management of content information, allowing users to access resources through a certain piece of information in the document. Abandon the original use of file path and file name to access, so that we don't need to know the name of the file and where the path is, so we can easily find it.
NOTE: Libraries do not actually store items. They monitor folders containing items and allow access and arrangement of these items in different ways.
Include the folder into the library:
- Right-click the "Start" button and select the "Open Windows Explorer" command.
- In the navigation pane on the left, click Computer, and select the disk where the folder is located.
- Right-click the folder to be included, select "Include into Library" in the shortcut menu, or select the "Include into Library" command in the toolbar of the window, and then select the library to be added.
Remove folder from library:
- Folders in the Monitored Library can be deleted when they are no longer needed. When you delete a folder from the library, the folder and its contents are not deleted from the original location.
- In the navigation pane of the Windows Explorer window, locate the folder you want to delete. Right-click and select "Delete Location from Library" from the shortcut menu.
Note: Folders on removable media devices (such as CDs and DVDs) and some USB flash drives cannot be included into the library.
1. Create a library
The "library" of the Windows7 system defaults to four libraries of video, music, pictures, and documents. We can create other libraries as needed. For example, we create a library for the download folder. First click the "library icon" in the taskbar , open the "library folder, right-click "New →" library in the "library", create a new library, and enter the name of each library.
Then right-click the "Library Folder", select the "Properties" command, open the "Library Properties dialog box, click "Select Folder" in the "Properties dialog box, and select the download folder here. Create a library After that, you can quickly open it by clicking the name of the library in the future.
The difference between a library and a file icon is that he can add multiple sub-libraries to a library, so that files of the same type in different folders can be placed in the same library, which can be managed centrally. When adding other sub-libraries in a library, click the "include folder" on the upper right side of the window and then open an add dialog box, where we can add multiple folders to a library .
2. Find the file in the library
By importing, we import files into the library. In order to make it easier for users to find information in the "library", the system also provides a powerful "library search function", so that we can search without opening the corresponding file or folder. Find the information you need.
When searching, enter the keywords to be searched for in the search box above the "Library" window, and then click Enter, so that the system will automatically retrieve the file information in the current library. Then the searched information will be listed in this window. The library search function is very powerful. It can not only search for folders, file titles, file information, and keyword information in compressed packages, but also search for information in some files, so that we can easily find the files we need. .
3. Library sharing
In the library, we can share a certain library according to the need, so that other users can use the library function of our computer through My Network Places. Sharing a certain library in Windows 7 is the same as sharing a folder. Right-click the library to be shared, select "Share" in the pop-up right-click menu, and select the sharing permission in the drop-down menu. Can.
How about having the library function, which provides convenience for us to find files, so that we no longer need to search for files randomly in the computer.
2. Disk Management
1. Create a disk partition
For a newly purchased hard disk, users can use the disk management function that comes with Windows 7 to partition it. The relevant operation methods are illustrated below with examples.
Step 1: Press the Windows logo key + R key to open the [Run] dialog box, enter the command "diskmgmt.msc" in the [Open] text box and click the [OK] button, as shown in the figure.
Step 2: After opening the [Disk Management] window, click the right mouse button on the box that identifies free space or unallocated space, select the [New Simple Volume] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, and then click the pop-up [Welcome to New Simple Volume] command. Click the [Next] button in the Volume Wizard] dialog box, as shown in the figure.
Step 3: After the [Specify Volume Size] dialog box appears, enter the size of the partition to be created in the [Simple Volume Size] text box (in MB, 1024MB=1GB, and note that the entered size cannot be greater than the maximum amount of disk space identified above ), and then click the [Next] button, as shown in the figure.
Step 4: After the [Assign drive letter and path] dialog box appears, select the [Assign the following drive letter] radio button, and select the drive letter to be assigned to the new partition, and click the [Next] button, as shown in the figure.
Tips: Windows 7 allows the newly created partition to be attached to an existing NTFS partition, and the newly created partition will exist as a folder in the NTFS partition. The specific operation method is to select the [Mount into the following blank NTFS folder] radio button in the [Assign drive letter and path] dialog box, and then specify the folder to be mounted to the newly created partition (the folder must be in the existing NTFS partition, and cannot save any data).
Step 5: After the [Format Partition] dialog box appears, select the [Format this volume according to the following settings] radio button, generally keep the default settings, the user can enter the volume label name according to the actual situation, and click the [Next] button ,as the picture shows.
Step 6: After the [Completing the New Simple Volume Wizard] dialog box appears, click the [Finish] button, as shown in the figure, wait for a while, and you can see the newly created partition.
2. Split disk partition
Users can divide the free space on the existing partition, create it as an independent partition, or merge it into other partitions. However, it should be noted that before splitting a disk partition, it must first be determined that the size of the free space in the disk partition is larger than the size of the space to be split.
Step 1: After opening the [Disk Management] window, click the right mouse button on the partition to be divided, and select the [Compact Volume] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, as shown in the figure.
Step 2: After the [Compress] dialog box appears, enter the size of the space to be divided in the [Enter Compressed Space Amount] text box (the default is in MB), and then click the [Compress] button, as shown in the figure.
3. Delete disk partition
If the user is not satisfied with the current disk partition, the partition can be deleted, and the disk space generated after deletion can be merged into other partitions. However, it should be noted that before deleting the disk partition, the above data needs to be backed up to other locations. The following describes how to delete a disk partition in Windows 7.
Select the partition to be deleted in the [Disk Management] window, click the right mouse button, select the [Delete Volume] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, and then click the [Yes] button in the pop-up dialog box to confirm the operation, as shown in the figure shown.
4. Change the drive letter
In many cases, it is necessary to adjust the drive letter of each disk partition or mobile storage device. For example, many users are accustomed to installing virtual CD-ROM software in the system and using the virtual CD to start some games, but most games require the drive letter However, the drive letter of the virtual CD-ROM is often arranged after the physical CD-ROM, which requires the user to manually adjust the drive letters of the physical CD-ROM and the virtual CD-ROM. The following will take adjusting the drive letter of the disk partition as an example to illustrate the related setting method.
Step 1: After opening the [Disk Management] window, click the right mouse button on the disk partition (or other drive) to be adjusted, and select the [Change Drive Letter and Path] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, as shown in the figure.
Step 2: After the [Change drive letter and path of ××] dialog box appears, click the [Change] button, then select a new drive letter in the [Change drive letter and path] dialog box that appears and click [OK] button, and then click the [OK] button, as shown in the figure.
Step 3: After the warning dialog box pops up, click the [Yes] button to confirm the operation, as shown in the figure.
5. Extended partition size
If there is still unallocated hard disk space, it can be merged into the adjacent partition on the left side of the unallocated space to expand the size of the previous partition (when expanding the size of the partition, it will not affect the data stored on the partition. data). The relevant setting methods are described below with examples.
Step 1: After opening the [Disk Management] window, click the right mouse button on the partition to be expanded (note that there must be unallocated space on the right side of the partition), and select the [Extend Volume] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, as shown in As shown in the figure.
Step 2: After the [Welcome to Extend Volume Wizard] dialog box appears, click the [Next] button, as shown in the figure.
Step 3: After the [Select Disk] dialog box appears, if you currently have multiple unallocated disk spaces, you can select the unallocated space to be used in the [Available] list box and click the [Add] button to add it to the [ Selected] list box, there is only one unallocated space next to the partition to be expanded in this example, so there is no need to make a selection, just enter the size of the space to be expanded in the [Select Space Amount] text box, and click the [Next] button. as the picture shows.
Step 4: After the [Complete Extend Volume Wizard] dialog box appears, click the [Finish] button, as shown in the figure.
6. Convert the partition to NTFS format
For partitions using FAT and FAT32 file systems, you can use the Covert command to convert their file systems to NTFS without affecting the data stored in the partitions, so as to obtain better security and better storage performance. The following will take the conversion of the F partition as an example to illustrate the relevant operation methods.
Step 1: Click the Win button, click the right mouse button on the [Command Prompt] option in the [All Programs] → [Accessories] submenu, and select the [Run as administrator] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, as shown in As shown in the figure.
Step 2: After opening the [Administrator: Command Prompt] window, enter the command "convert f:/fs:ntfs" and press the Enter key. You will be prompted to enter the volume label of the current drive later, just enter the volume label name of the F disk and press the Enter key according to the actual situation, as shown in the figure.
Tip: The format of the Convert command is Convert+space+X:+space+/fs:ntfs, where X is the drive letter of the partition to be converted.
3. Virtual disk management
Windows 7 provides a virtual disk function, which can create several virtual disks, and these virtual disks are saved in the format of VHD (Virtual Hard Disk) files. Using virtual disks to store data will facilitate the migration of enterprises to virtualized applications.
In addition, it is also beneficial for program developers and testers to build an experimental environment and facilitate their testing of imperfect systems and programs. For individual users, the role of the virtual disk is not great. If you use it to store data, the read and write speed will be about 5% slower than the physical partition.
1. Create a virtual disk
You can create a virtual hard disk through the [Disk Management] window. It should be noted that after the virtual hard disk is created, it needs to be initialized before partitioning and other operations can be performed. The following example illustrates how to create a virtual disk.
Step 1: After opening the [Disk Management] window, click the [Operation] menu, and select the [Create VHD] command in the drop-down menu, as shown in the figure.
Step 2: After the [Create and Attach Virtual Hard Disk] dialog box appears, click the [Browse] button, specify the directory to save the virtual disk in the [Browse Virtual Disk File] dialog box that appears, then enter the name of the virtual hard disk and click [ Click the Save] button, and then enter the size value in the [Virtual Hard Disk Size] text box of the [Create and Attach Virtual Hard Disk] dialog box, select the [Fixed Size] radio button, and finally click the [OK] button, as shown in the figure.
Tip: Windows 7 allows the creation of two types of virtual hard disk formats: dynamic expansion and fixed size. Dynamic expansion means that the physical storage occupied by the virtual disk changes with the amount of data stored in the virtual disk, but the maximum will not exceed the value set at the time of creation. The size of the virtual hard disk; while the fixed size means that the virtual hard disk always occupies the physical space equal to its capacity.
Step 3: After a while, you can see the created virtual hard disk in the [Disk Management] window, and then you need to initialize the hard disk: right-click the newly created virtual hard disk, and in the pop-up shortcut menu Select the [Initialize Disk] command, as shown in the figure.
Step 4: After the [Initialize Disk] dialog box appears, select a disk partition format, including MBR and GPT, among which MBR (Master Boot Record, that is, the master boot record of the hard disk) supports a single partition with a maximum of 2TB (Tera bytes) , and each disk can be divided into up to 4 primary partitions (or 3 primary partitions, 1 extended partition and unlimited logical partitions), the advantage is that it can be recognized by various versions of Windows; and GPT (Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table Format, globally uniquely recognized partition table format) can support partitions up to 18EB (Exa bytes), and each disk can be divided into up to 128 partitions. The disadvantage is that low-version X86 Windows systems such as Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, etc. cannot Identify GPT partitions.
In this example, select the [MBR] radio button, and then click the [OK] button, as shown in the figure.
2. Take the virtual hard disk offline/online
Users can take the virtual disk offline, so that the virtual disk cannot be accessed through the resource manager to protect the data in the virtual disk. However, after taking the virtual disk offline, you can still see it in the [Disk Management] window, as shown in the figure.
The method to take the virtual disk offline is relatively simple. After opening the [Disk Management] window, click the right mouse button on the virtual disk to be processed, and select the [Offline] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, as shown in the figure.
When the virtual hard disk needs to be used again, just connect it online: open the [Disk Management] window, click the right mouse button on the corresponding virtual disk, and select the [Online] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, as shown in the figure.
3. Separate the virtual disk
If you not only want to be unable to access the virtual hard disk through the resource manager, but also want to not be able to see the virtual hard disk in the [Disk Management] window, you can detach it.
After opening the [Disk Management] window, click the right mouse button on the virtual hard disk to be set, select the [Detach] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, and then click the [OK] button in the pop-up dialog box, as shown in the figure shown.
4. Mount the virtual disk
After the virtual disk is created, a VHD file will be generated. As long as the file exists, you can mount the VHD file and use the corresponding virtual disk whether it is reinstalling the system or in other computers.
Step 1: After opening the [Disk Management] window, click the [Operation] menu, and select the [Attach VHD] command in the drop-down menu, as shown in the figure.
Step 2: After the [Additional Virtual Hard Disk] dialog box appears, click the [Browse] button, then specify the VHD file in the opened [Browse Virtual Disk File] dialog box and click the [Open] button, and then click [OK] button, as shown in the figure.
4. Document Management
Windows 7 follows the traditional tree-like file management structure, and users can conveniently save their own files in different folders by type and manage them.
1. Tree storage structure
Windows 7 adopts the traditional tree storage structure, the disk is equivalent to the trunk, the partition is equivalent to the branch, the folder is equivalent to the branch, and the file is the leaf on the branch.
Under the tree storage structure, users can create multiple folders by category, and save files in different folders according to categories, so as to facilitate organization and management. For example, save all pictures in the picture folder, as shown in the figure.
2. Know Windows 7 Explorer
When the user accesses files, it is usually done through the Windows Explorer. The user only needs to click the Win button in the lower left corner of the desktop, and then select the [Computer] command in the pop-up shortcut menu to open the Explorer window, such as As shown in the figure.
The Windows Explorer window can be divided into the following main areas:
- Address bar, used to identify the full path of the current directory.
- Search bar for searching files.
- The left pane displays folders in a tree structure.
- The right pane displays the contents of the current directory.
In addition, the explorer also has a hidden toolbar, as long as you press the Alt key after opening the explorer window, the toolbar will be displayed under the address bar of the window, as shown in the figure.
3. Common operations on files and folders
Copying, moving, and deleting files/folders are common computer operations, and the following explains how to implement these operations in Windows 7.
1. Copy a file or folder
Right-click the source file or folder, select the [Copy] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, then open the target folder or disk partition, right-click the blank position, and select [Paste] in the pop-up shortcut menu Just order.
2. Move a file or folder
Right-click the source file or folder, select the [Cut] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, then open the target folder or disk partition, right-click the blank position, and select [Cut] in the pop-up shortcut menu Paste] command.
3. Delete a file or folder
- Select the file or folder to be deleted, press the Del key on the keyboard, and then click the [Yes] button to confirm in the pop-up dialog box.
- Right-click the file or folder to be deleted, select the [Delete] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, and then click the [Yes] button to confirm in the pop-up dialog box.
After deleting files or folders according to the above two methods, you need to empty them in the recycle bin to completely delete them from the disk. If the user wants to directly delete files or folders from the disk in one step, after selecting them, press the Shift key and the Del key on the keyboard at the same time.
4. Document sorting
In order to facilitate users to quickly find the target they need from a large number of files, Windows 7 provides a variety of file sorting methods, such as type, size, date, etc.
For example, if you want to arrange the files in the folder from largest to smallest, click the right mouse button in the blank space of the folder, select the [Size] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, then click the right mouse button again, and click the [Size] command in the pop-up shortcut menu Select the [Decrement] command in the menu, as shown in the figure.
5. Resource recycling bin
In order to reduce the losses caused by users accidentally deleting files, the Windows system provides a "buffer" component for file deletion - Recycle Bin. After the user deletes the file, the file will be transferred to the recycle bin. Only after the recycle bin is further emptied can the file be completely removed from the disk. During this period, the user can restore the accidentally deleted file from the recycle bin at any time.
1. Set the space limit of the recycle bin
By default, each hard disk partition will set aside a part of the disk space for the recycle bin, and the user can adjust the size of this space. It should be noted that when deleting a file, if the size of the file is greater than the maximum value of the recycle bin set for the partition, the deleted file cannot be put into the recycle bin, but can only be deleted directly from the disk; if the partition is in If the maximum value of the recycle bin space is too large, too much free space will be wasted. Therefore, users can adjust the recycle bin space limit of each partition according to actual needs.
Step 1: Click the right mouse button on the [Recycle Bin] icon on the desktop, and select the [Properties] command in the pop-up shortcut menu to open the Recycle Bin [Properties] dialog box, as shown in the figure.
Step 2: Select the partition to be set, and then enter the size of the partition used for the recycle bin in the [Maximum] text box. After all partitions are set, click the [OK] button, as shown in the figure.
2. Restore deleted files and folders
After deleting a file or folder to the recycle bin by mistake, if you want to restore it to the original directory, you can do it as follows:
After double-clicking on the desktop to open the recycle bin, right-click the object to be restored, and select the [Restore] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, as shown in the figure.
3. Empty the Recycle Bin
After files or folders are deleted to the recycle bin, since they still stay in the disk, they will still occupy disk space, and the user needs to empty the recycle bin to completely delete them from the disk.
Right-click the [Recycle Bin] icon on the desktop, and select the [Empty Recycle Bin] command in the pop-up shortcut menu, as shown in the figure.
6. Library management
In order to facilitate users to organize and access files, Windows 7 adds a new "library" storage structure on the basis of the traditional "tree" storage structure.
1. Advantages of "library"
In addition to the traditional "tree" storage structure, Windows 7 introduces a new "library" storage structure. Under the traditional "tree" structure, file management needs to be carried out under different folders and subfolders. After introducing the "library" storage structure, different folders and subfolders can be managed in the same "library". The files under the folder are managed in a unified manner, which improves the efficiency of user organization and management of files.
For example, the "Music" library created by the system by default can display the files in the "Music" folder of the current user account and the "Music" folder of the public user under its directory, as shown in the figure.
When displaying files from different folders in your library, you can also choose from various arrangements in which to display them. For example, when viewing files in the [Documents] library, the files can be arranged by author, modification date, tag, type or name by default. In this example, after the files are arranged by [Author], all files in the [Documents] library are It will be grouped according to the author name, which is convenient for users to quickly browse the required documents, as shown in the figure.
It should be noted that the library is not a storage directory. It cannot store files by itself, but is equivalent to a file display platform in a specified folder. Through the library, files in different folders can be monitored and managed.
Since the library is not a storage directory, after the library is deleted, the files and folders displayed in the library will not be deleted from the disk, but if the files or folders displayed in the library are deleted, these files and folders will be deleted. will be deleted from disk.
2. Create and manage libraries
In order to facilitate the management of files of the same type, users can add them to the library. By default, Windows 7 has created 4 libraries of music, pictures, videos and documents. Users can also create new libraries according to their needs, and then specify the location of the files to be displayed in the library:
Step 1: After opening the Explorer window, click the [Library] link text in the left pane, then right-click the blank space in the right pane, and select [New] → [Library] command in the pop-up shortcut menu , and then enter the name of the new library, as shown in the figure.
Step 2: Click the right mouse button on the newly created library, and select the [Properties] command in the pop-up shortcut menu to open the corresponding [Properties] dialog box, as shown in the figure.
Step 3: Click the [Include Folder] button, then specify the folder to be displayed in the new library in the opened dialog box and click the [Include Folder] button, after adding multiple folders according to this step , click the [OK] button, as shown in the figure.
After completing the above operations, you can see the files in all the previously added folders in the newly created library, as shown in the figure.
For folders that no longer need to be displayed in the library, just open the [Properties] dialog box of the library, then select the folder name in the [Library Location] list, and click the [Delete] button to delete it from the library, such as As shown in the figure.
By this method, the selected folder will not be deleted from the disk, but the content of the folder will not be displayed in the library.
7. Find information
The Windows 7 system provides a search function, which can be used to quickly find the required information in the disk.
1. Search by default
When users can't remember where files or programs are saved, they can use the system's search function to quickly find them. The following examples illustrate the relevant operation methods:
Click the Win button, enter the name of the program or file in the [Search Programs and Files] text box, and the system will automatically list the relevant information as the characters are entered. Generally, you can see the required file or program without entering the complete name , as shown in the figure.
If the search result shows that there is no item that matches the search criteria, or the searched item is not what you need, you can click the [View More Results] link text, and then specify the general directory for saving the file in the opened window, such as As shown in the figure.
For example, if you remember that the file is saved in a certain directory of a partition, you can click the drive letter of the partition in the left pane, then double-click to enter the directory in the right pane, then click the search bar in the upper right corner of the window and click Select the keywords of the previously entered data from the drop-down menu, and then the system will list the data matching the keywords, as shown in the figure.
2. Advanced condition search
When the user does not remember the full file name and storage location of the data to be searched, it is necessary to add a search filter to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the search. For example, in this example, you want to search for a teaching document, but you only need to remember that the document is in PDF e-book format, as well as the approximate creation time and size of the document, you can search as follows:
Step 1: Open the explorer window, enter PDF in the search text box in the upper right corner of the window, then click the search field, select the [Modified Date] option in the drop-down menu that appears, and then select File Creation in the pop-up menu The approximate date of , as shown in the figure.
Step 2: If you get a lot of information from the search, you can further filter it. Click the search bar, select the [Size] option in the drop-down menu that appears, and then select the size range of the searched files in the menu that appears, as shown in the figure Show.
8. Windows index
The index is an important aid to the Windows search function, and it can improve the efficiency of searching common files.
1. The role of the index
Index (Index) is a fast retrieval method. This retrieval method scans files in advance to obtain information such as file names, storage paths, keywords, sizes, authors, etc., and then saves these information into database files. When a user needs to search for a file, the system does not need to spend time and energy traversing the disk to find the file. It only needs to search the index database to quickly find the corresponding information and present it to the user, thus easily increasing the search speed by dozens of times.
Although index retrieval is fast, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to create index-related database files. For this reason, Windows only indexes files in the library by default, while other locations still use conventional traversal retrieval.
2. Add folders to the index range
Users can build indexes for other common folders in the disk to improve the speed of searching for relevant materials. The following example illustrates how to add a folder to the index range:
Step 1: Click the Win button, select the [Control Panel] option in the pop-up menu, and open the Control Panel window.
Step 2: Select the [Small icon] option in the [View by] drop-down menu, and then click the [Index Options] link text, as shown in the figure.
Step 3: After the [Index Options] dialog box appears, click the [Modify] button, and then select the folder or disk partition to be indexed in the [Change Selected Location] list box of the [Index Location] dialog box that appears, When finished, click the [OK] button, and finally click the [Close] button, as shown in the figure.
3. Rebuild the index
By default, the Windows system has indexed most of the files. If you find that the search speed has dropped a lot when searching for information, it is likely that there is an error in the index. At this time, you can rebuild the index as follows:
Step 1: Click the button, select [Control Panel] option in the pop-up menu, and open the Control Panel window.
Step 2: Select the [Small Icons] option in the [View by] drop-down menu, and then click the [Index Options] link text.
Step 3: After opening the [Index Options] dialog box, click the [Advanced] button, then click the [Rebuild] button in the displayed [Advanced Options] dialog box, and then click the [OK] button in the pop-up dialog box Confirm the operation, as shown in the figure.
It will take a long time to rebuild the index, please be patient. To improve system execution efficiency, it is recommended not to perform other operations during index rebuilding.
4. Specify the index database storage location
By default, Windows will save the index database in the system partition. If the system partition of the computer has less free space, users can follow the steps below to save the index database in other partitions:
Step 1: Click the button, select [Control Panel] option in the pop-up menu, and open the Control Panel window.
Step 2: Select the [Small Icons] option in the [View by] drop-down menu, and then click the [Index Options] link text.
Step 3: After opening the [Indexing Options] dialog box, click the [Advanced] button to open the [Advanced Options] dialog box, as shown in the figure.
Step 4: Click the [Choose New Location] button, then specify the new directory for saving the index data in the [Browse Folder] dialog box that appears, click the [OK] button, and finally click the [OK] button.
