Disk management: hard disk, partition, file system | How to view disk information

Article directory

1 Introduction
- Introduction
- Purpose
2. Disk management
- Hard drive and partition
- File system
3. Command to view installed disks
- lsblk
- blkid
4. Summary
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1 Introduction

Introduction

Disk management is a very important part of the operating system. We need to know how to view installed disk information and how to manage these disks.

Purpose

This article will introduce the basic concepts of disk management, including hard disks, partitions, file systems, etc., and introduce two commonly used commands: lsblk and blkid to view installed disk information.

2. Disk management

Hard drive and partition

A hard drive generally refers to a physical device in a computer that can be used to store data. The partition is a logical division of the hard disk. Each partition is like an independent hard disk and can independently assign file systems and set file permissions.

File system

A file system refers to how files are stored and organized on disk. Common file systems include ext4, NTFS, FAT32, etc.

3. Command to view installed disks

lsblk

lsblk is a commonly used command that lists information about installed disks in the system.

parameter

-a displays all devices, including virtual devices and loopback devices.
-b Displays the device size in bytes.
-d displays only disk devices, not partitions.
-f displays the file system.
-i displays all block devices, including block devices such as RAM disks and loopback devices.
-l Displays only the block device list, ignoring any other parameters.
-O This option outputs a standard arrangement suitable for the given target operation.
-o Display specified columns.

Output format

The lsblk command displays disk information in a tree structure in the terminal.

NAME device name.
FSTYPE The file system type of the device. If the device is not formatted, this column is empty.
MOUNTPOINT The device's mount point. If the device is not mounted, this column will be empty.
LABEL The volume label name of the device.
SIZE device size.

Example

# 查看所有磁盘设备
$ lsblk -d
sda     8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk 
sdb     8:16   0 232.9G  0 disk 

# 显示所有块设备
$ lsblk -i
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
ram0    1:0    0   2.9G  0 disk 
ram1    1:1    0   2.9G  0 disk 
ram2    1:2    0   2.9G  0 disk 
...
sda     8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk 
sdb     8:16   0 232.9G  0 disk 
sr0    11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

blkid

The blkid command is used to find information such as the file system type and UUID of a block device.

parameter

-p Used with the -u option to print to non-local storage devices.
-t TYPE can be used to limit the types of devices to be searched.

Output format

The format of blkid command output is usually as follows:

/dev/sda1: device name and partition number.
UUID="2C7B-3D99": UUID of the device.
TYPE="vfat": The file system type of the device.
PARTLABEL="Sony_system": GPT label of the partition.

Example

# 查看磁盘设备的 UUID 和文件系统类型
$ blkid /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1: UUID="2C7B-3D99" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="Sony_system" PARTUUID="edf484f7-ec1e-49c6-b334-a4d377ce3174"

4. Summary

This article introduces the basic concepts of disk management, including hard disks and partitions, file systems, etc. And introduces two commonly used commands: lsblk and blkid to view installed disk information. Hope this article is helpful to readers.

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