Three elements of exposure:
- aperture
- shutter
- ISO sensitivity (sometimes the combination of aperture + shutter can not achieve the desired effect)
the above three together determine a relatively normal exposure
Shooting mode:
- M: manual mode
- A: Aperture Priority
- S: Shutter Priority
- P: program automatic
camera lens:
In terms of image quality and convenience:
- fixed focus lens
- zoom lens
The focal length of the lens:
- Wide angle: less than 24mm
- Standard: about 50mm, the same as the human eye, suitable for group photos
- Medium telephoto: 70~135mm, more suitable for shooting portraits
- Telephoto: greater than 135mm, the depth of field is relatively small, the blurred background is ideal, suitable for shooting animals, sports
summary: the longer the focal length, the shallower the depth of field, and the more blurred the background.
Focus mode:
Autofocus (AF):
- For stationary objects: AF-S (single focus)
- For moving objects: AF-C (continuous focus) moving objects have a certain direction
- Still and moving objects: AF-A (autofocus) runs without directionality on objects
Manual focus (MF):
- Zoom ring (focus ring): telescopic lens to achieve a zoom purpose
- Focus ring: used for manual focus
The role of focus
- Single-point focus: relatively high success rate
- Area focus: when there are many objects, such as marathon
Note: the above is only for auto focus
Camera White Balance (AWB)
White balance is the color temperature , which affects the color of the picture.
Light has colors, blue is a cool color tone, red orange yellow is a warm color tone.
The function of white balance is to compensate the color of light.
Note! ! ! The natural k value is opposite to the camera’s white balance k value.
Explanation: The camera’s white balance is reverse fill light. For example, if you input a color temperature of 10000k, the camera thinks you are blue, and it will fill in red. So the higher the color temperature value, the warmer it is, and the lower the color temperature value, the colder it is.
photography light
Light quality (property of light)
- Direct light-hard light
Features: strong light direction, large contrast between light and dark . - Scattered light-soft light:
Features: The picture is softer
Light level (angle of camera and light)
- Shun light: Uniform light, poor three-dimensional effect, suitable for ID photos
- Side light: presents the effect of yin and yang, with strong contrast between light and dark. Strong sense of three-dimensional, strong sense of hierarchy.
- Backlighting: The light source is located behind the subject, used to capture silhouettes.
- Top light: The light comes from directly above the subject, producing thick downward shadows and highlighting the local area
- Bottom Light: You know horror movies, right?
Light ratio (refers to the difference in the amount of light received by the main bright part of the subject)
scene
Vision: Mainly shoot scenery, people are only used as embellishments.
Panorama: People are the main theme, with the environment to enhance the atmosphere of the background Medium
and close-up: Show the body language and expressions of the upper body of the characters, the background does not affect the work Close-
up: Less environment, emphasizing the expressions of the characters
angle of view
The horizontal line of the dance is different from the horizontal line where the camera is located. Some are higher than the scene, and some are lower than the scene. These layout positions shot at different levels are called "viewpoints"
- High angle of view: shooting from the plane, shooting meetings, big scenes of weddings
- Low angle of view: shooting from the bottom up, showing the height of the object , such as shooting buildings
- Flat viewing angle: close to the human eye, flat and stable
Space Composition and Plane Composition
1. Perspective
2. Foreground
3. Background
4. Floor plan
perspective
- Linear perspective: near big and far small, giving people infinite extension and reverie, such as shooting straight roads
- Aerial perspective: Through the space distance, the color or tone of the scene appears on the screen, such as shooting a distant mountain on the top of a mountain
prospect:
Strengthen the atmosphere,
increase the layering of the picture space,
balance the picture
background:
Highlight the theme
and enrich the connotation of the theme
Plane composition:
It refers to how to arrange people, scenery, and objects in the picture to obtain the best layout. It is the method of combining images, and it is the sum of all means to reveal images. That is to say, it is necessary to deal with the points, lines and planes
in the picture.
How to learn composition:
1. Start from observation and imitation
2. Memorize the classic composition rules by heart
3. Let the composition method jump out automatically
4. Break the stereotypes and seek breakthroughs