To develop quantum computing programs, some understanding of point quantum physics is also required.
My university was studying e-commerce, and the graduate student switched to engineering and began to study computer science, so I didn't study university physics. (I'm glad I missed one of the four major links in the university) This article will briefly talk about my understanding of the introduction to quantum mechanics.
We all learned in high school that energy has a smallest unit and cannot be subdivided infinitely.
Planck discovered that all energy is a multiple of a certain number, and the smallest unit of energy Planck called it a quantum.
There were many great physicists in that generation, and Einstein's contemporaries, such as de Broglie, we learned his de Broglie wave.
There are Heisenberg, Pauli and so on.
But when you enter the university, the physics you learn is systematic, and various theories and formulas are used. I haven't learned it anyway, so I don't dare to say it casually.
Although I still love physics and math, a hobby and an industry major are two different things. And compared to microscopic particles, I read more about the macroscopic universe, such as the Kuiper Belt, the Oort Nebula, and so on.
Of course, I have read a lot of microscopic theories when I have the chance. For example, I can easily say the names of the 12 kinds of positive and negative quarks. Read "The Universe in the Nutshell", "A Brief History of Time" and so on.
Tell us about your recent understanding of quantum theory.
Quantum computing exploits the power of quantum entanglement. (I once developed an Android app called "Quantum Entanglement")
Microscopic particles have their own states, and the states of particles can be artificially constructed.
I still don't know what means by which the states of two particles are related, and then they are called "entanglement".
At this time, no matter how far apart they are, the state of one particle changes at the same time as the other.
Even Einstein didn't accept this ghostly "extreme distance" effect.
Just as Schrödinger proposed the "half-dead cat", many scientists also proposed various thought experiments to oppose quantum entanglement.
But in the end, experimental physics proved that quantum entanglement really does exist.
(So later scientists stopped opposing quantum entanglement? No, it’s just that the education that young scientists received from the beginning was that quantum entanglement exists, so they accepted it; and the old group of scientists gradually died. , so the voice of opposition is getting smaller and smaller)
Quantum measurements are in Hilbert space.
Physics and mathematics are now linked again. How awesome is Hilbert, it is said that there are so many mathematical names named after him that he does not know it himself. (The "Hilbert space" mentioned above, he is said to have once asked his colleague "what is a Hilbert space").
I first learned about Hilbert from the "continuum hypothesis" I saw in high school. In 1900, he proposed 23 mathematical problems that he said needed to be solved in the 20th century, and the continuum hypothesis was one of them.
Modern mathematical research is all in sets, Hilbert space is a set of vector spaces, which are all kinds of vectors.
Quantum descriptions use vectors in the Hilbert space, and each state is represented by a vector.
For example, the Q# program we wrote earlier, named Bell. Because one of the simplest states of quantum is the Bell state. But I don't know what the Bell state is.
The state determined by the quantum is called the eigenstate, just like the two axes and four directions of the two-dimensional coordinate plane; in addition to the axis, the plane has other points composed of abscissa and ordinate that are not on the axis, and the state corresponding to the quantum is called non-intrinsic. Symptoms. But we cannot observe extrinsic states. It's like those lightnings written in "Ball Lightning" by Da Liu.
Quantum vectors are written in Dirac notation, and |> to the right is called a right vector, and a vector is also called a vector. Left <| is called left arrow. The first time I heard Dirac's name was the complete vacuum non-existence experiment, and it was also in the book above that introduced the continuum hypothesis (unfortunately, I don't remember the name of the book)
Quantum entanglement is where we construct two entangled quanta that are far apart. When we affect the state of one of the particles, the person on the other side of the particle will know what we mean by observing that particle.
However, in order to decode, we need to tell him the way of observation, and this is necessary. The way to tell is by traditional means, so quantum entanglement can't go faster than light.
Although the change of quantum state is over distance, it cannot transmit effective information, and it can only be used after the information received by traditional channels.
Just say that.
In short, to engage in quantum computing, basic mathematical and physical knowledge still needs to be charged first.
You can Baidu to look at quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and search for papers related to quantum computing and quantum entanglement.
For reference, you can read this series http://blog.csdn.net/libing403/article/details/73555583