C programming tutorial (11) - input and output of character data

C programming tutorial (11) - input and output of character data

This column mainly introduces the basic syntax of C language, which is used as the courseware and reference materials of the "Programming Language" course for the teaching of the "Programming Language" course, for entry-level users to read.

In addition to the printff and scanf functions, the standard input and input library functions commonly used in C language also include the getchar function, gets function, putchar function and puts function.

1. getchar function

The function of the getchar function is to input a character from the keyboard. This function has no parameters, and the return value of the function is the input character. The format is as follows:

getchar();

For example:

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    
    
	int x;
	char ch;
	ch=getchar();
	putchar(ch);
	return 0;
}

The result of running the above program is as follows:

Two, gets function

The function of the gets function is to receive a character string input from the keyboard and store it in a character array. The return value of the function is the starting address of the character array. The format is as follows:

gets(str);

For example:

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    
    
	char str[10];
	gets(str);
	printf("%s",str);
	return 0;
}

The result of running the above program is as follows:

Three, putchar function

The function of the putchar function is to output a character to the display. Arguments can be characters, escaped characters, or character constants. The format is as follows:

putchar(c);

For example:

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    
    
	int i;
	char str[10];
	str[0]='G';
	str[1]='o';
	str[2]=111;
	str[3]='d';
	str[4]='\n';
	str[5]='b';
	str[6]='y';
	str[7]='e';
	str[8]='.';
	for(i=0;i<10;i++){
    
    
		putchar(str[i]);
	}	
	return 0;
}

The result of running the above program is as follows:

Four, puts function

The function of the puts function is to output the string to the display. This function has no return value. The format is as follows:

puts(str);

For example:

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    
    
	int i;
	char str[10];
	str[0]='G';
	str[1]='o';
	str[2]=111;
	str[3]='d';
	str[4]='\n';
	str[5]='b';
	str[6]='y';
	str[7]='e';
	str[8]='.';
	
	printf("%s\n\n",str);
	puts(str);	
	return 0;
}

The result of running the above program is as follows:

Escape characters can be included in the output, for example:

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    
    
	puts("I\nLove\nYou!");	
	return 0;
}

The result of running the above program is as follows: