Article Directory
1. [Python] Identify .yaml/.ini/.xml files:
Background: In many cases in normal coding, fixed configuration information is stored in files, for example: .yaml/.ini/.xml files. This article introduces how to parse various forms of files
1.1. Module installation:
pip install PyYAML
我这里安装的是5.4.1版本
1.2, .yaml file read:
import yaml
from settings import *
# 读取.yaml文件方法，
# 1)在/config/settings.py文件中配置yaml文件路径；
# 2)在/config/ReadYaml.py文件中配置读取方法；
def read_config_yaml(): # 读取config.yaml文件方法
path = CONFIG_YAML_PATH
with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as file:
data = yaml.safe_load(file)
return data
1.3, yaml file write:
def write_cookie_yaml(conf):
content = conf
path = COOKIE_YAML_PATH
with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
yaml.dump(content, file, default_flow_style=False, encoding='utf-8', allow_unicode=True)
1.4, yaml file update operation:
# coding:utf-8
from ruamel import yaml
# pip install ruamel.yaml==0.16.12
def up_yml_vendor(name, cookie): # 提取vendor端cookie并存储对应路径下
with open(COOKIE_YAML_PATH, encoding="utf-8") as f:
content = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.RoundTripLoader)
# 修改yml文件中的参数
content['test']['yinni']['vendor'][f'{
name}']['Cookie'] = f"{
cookie}"
with open(COOKIE_YAML_PATH, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as nf:
yaml.dump(content, nf, Dumper=yaml.RoundTripDumper)
1.5, .ini file analysis:
1.5.1. Connection specified .ini file:
import configparser
from Akulaku_project8_Request.config.settings import *
class operate_ini(object):
def __init__(self, Path: str):
self.conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
self.path = DATE_PATH + Path
self.conf.readfp(open(self.path, encoding='utf-8'))
self.items = []
self.values = []
1.5.2. The method of reading the .ini file:
def read_ini1(self, section: str, item: str):
# 第一种读取ini文件方式,通过read方法,读取指定section下的单个item值
value = self.conf[f'{
section}'][f'{
item}']
# print('第一种方法读取到的值：', value)
return value
def read_ini2(self, section: str, item: str):
# 第二种读取ini文件方式，通过get方法
value = self.conf.get(f'{
section}', f'{
item}')
# print('第二种方法读取到的值：', value)
return value
def read_ini3(self, section: str):
# 第三种读取ini文件方式，读取到一个section中的所有数据，返回一个列表
value = self.conf.items(f'{
section}')
# print('第三种方法读取到的值：', value)
# 第三种方法读取到的值： [('name', 'demaxiya'), ('sex', 'man'), ('nation', 'Han')]
return value
1.5.3. Get all section methods:
def query_sections(self):
# 获取所有的sections,已列表形式返回
section = self.conf.sections()
return section
1.5.4. Obtain the items and values list according to the execution section:
def get_item_values(self, section: str):
# 输入一个section值获取items,values按照对应关系返回列表
data = self.conf.items(f'{
section}')
items = self.items
values = self.values
for i in data:
items.append(i[0])
values.append(i[1])
return [items, values]
1.5.5, .ini file new processing:
def add_section(self, section: str):
# 添加单个section
section_list = operate_ini().query_sections()
try:
if section not in section_list:
self.conf.add_section(f'{
section}')
self.conf.write(open(self.path, 'w', encoding='utf-8'))
except Exception as e:
print(f"发生错误，错误原因为：{
e}")
def add_option(self, section: str, item: str, value: str):
operate_ini().add_section(section=section)
self.conf.set(f"{
section}", f"{
item}", f"{
value}")
self.conf.write(open(self.path, 'r+', encoding='utf-8'))
1.6, .xml file analysis
1.6.1, connection.xml file
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET # 导入模块，名字太长了，把这个模块名重命名为ET
from settings import *
class operate_xml(object):
def __init__(self, Path: str):
self.path = DATE_PATH + Path
self.tree = ET.parse(self.path)
# parse解析，用ET模块下的parse这个方法把xml文件解析开，解析开拿到一个tree,tree就是一个对象
self.root = self.tree.getroot()
self.list = []
# 这个对象可以调用方法，getroot就是根的意思
# self.domTree = parse(self.path)
1.6.2, .xml file single query
def get_root(self): # 获取根元素名称
root = self.root
print([root[0]]) # root这个对象有一个属性tag，tag的值就是根标签的名字
def get_first_tree(self): # 获取DOM树根目录下首层标签名称
for n in self.root:
list = self.list
list.append(n.tag)
print(list) # 获取DOM树根目录下首层标签名称,将结果以列表形式返回
def get_inner_tree(self): # 获取DOM树根目录下内层元素名称
for n in self.root:
for i in n:
list = self.list
list.append(i.tag)
print(list) # 获取DOM树根目录下内层元素名称，将结果以列表形式返回
def get_first_attrib(self): # 获取DOM树根目录下首层标签属性值
for n in self.root:
list = self.list
list.append(n.attrib)
print(list) # 获取DOM树根目录下首层标签属性值，结果以列表形式返回
1.6.3. Get inner label attributes & label text
def get_inner_text(self):
# 获得里层标签文本值
for n in self.root:
for i in n:
list = self.list
list.append(i.text)
print(list)
def get_text(self, id: str):
# 根据一级标签属性值，遍历标签文本值
for n in self.root:
a = dict(n.attrib).values()
if f'{
id}' == list(a)[0]:
for i in n:
rv = self.list
rv.append(i.text)
return rv
1.6.4. Traverse the label text according to the first-level label attributes
def get_tag_text(self, id: str, tag: str):
# 根据一级标签属性值，遍历标签文本值
for n in self.root:
a = dict(n.attrib).values()
if f'{
id}' == list(a)[0]:
for i in n:
if i.tag == tag:
rv = self.list
rv.append(i.text)
return rv
1.6.5. According to the first-level label attributes, add label text
def add_text(self, id: str, attrib: str, text: str):
# 根据一级标签属性值，添加标签文本值
for n in self.root:
a = dict(n.attrib).values()
if f'{
id}' == list(a)[0]:
sex = ET.SubElement(n, f"{
attrib}")
sex.text = f"{
text}"
self.tree.write(TEST_XML_PATH, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True, method='xml')
# self.domTree.writexml(TEST_XML_PATH, addindent=' ', encoding='utf-8')
1.6.6. Create a new .xml file:
def new_xml(self): # 新建一个xml文件
new_xml = ET.Element("namelist") # 创建了一个根节点
# 相当于创建了<namelist></namelist>
name = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "name", attrib={
"enrolled": "yes"})
# 创建一个子标签name，然后增加一个属性
age = ET.SubElement(name, "age", attrib={
"checked": "no"})
sex = ET.SubElement(name, "sex")
sex.text = "28"
et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) # 生成文档对象
et.write("dema.xml", encoding="utf8", xml_declaration=True)