To build a Black Synology, you need to buy: CPU + motherboard, radiator, memory stick, chassis, power supply, hard disk, network card (optional).
For physical machine installation, if a hard solution is required, you must choose a system such as 918/920 for installation.
Associated tutorials:
Error report in the installation of Heiqunhui: https://guoqing.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129286999 ;
Two kinds of system installation tutorials of Heiqunhui (including whitewashing): https://guoqing.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129287254 ;
Two ways to obtain SataPortMap and DiskIdxMap: https://guoqing.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129287254 ;
Hei Qunhui opens the nvme cache and uses the nvme cache as a storage disk: https://guoqing.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129287593 ;
DSM7 configures Mailplus to receive emails such as QQ/126/163: https://guoqing.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129287710 ;
DSM7 builds its own website based on wordpress: https://guoqing.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129287809
1. Recommended CPU+Motherboard
There are three options for CPU+mainboard according to your usage: low power consumption, high power consumption, and ultra-high power consumption.
No matter which option you choose, it is recommended to think about the following two points first:
How many hard drives do you want to install, and then choose the motherboard, after all, some itx motherboards are not easy to expand the sata interface , especially the motherboard with low power consumption;
What is the gigabit network card on the motherboard (except for those who plan to expand the network card, except for the 2.5G network card): RTL crab's Gigabit network card support is not particularly good, such as the 8111 series, of course I am also installing the tutorial: https: //guoqing.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129286961 comes with a guide for this card, which can be downloaded and installed directly, but the version can only reach 42661. The support for Intel Gigabit network card is very good, and all existing boots can be successfully driven.
There are different sizes of motherboards, the smallest itx, the middle matx, and then ATX. If you care about the appearance of nas , it is recommended to check what type of motherboard the chassis you need can support , and then choose the board U.
1.1. Low power consumption recommendation
It should be noted that the low power consumption is often combined with the board U, and the price is relatively cheap. Using j4125+ a piece of mechanical real-time power is about 11w, if the electricity cost is a point that you are very concerned about, you can choose this type of board U.
1) j415, j4125, j3455, j1900 , etc. and the previous board U are recommended. The j4125 is the first to be recommended here , no additional supplementary driver is required, it is the strongest performance option in Celeron's low power consumption. I also set up a j4125 black group, after installation, the hard solution of the nuclear display can be used normally.
2) It is not recommended for n5095/n5100/n5105/n6005 and other series of board u released after j4125 . The reason is that, as we all know, the low-core version of Heiqunhui cannot enable the core display hard solution of the 11th generation or above CPU.
1.2. Recommended for high power consumption
High power consumption refers to the purchase of Intel Core/Pentium series, which require the motherboard and CPU to be purchased separately.
1) The 9th generation, 8th generation and earlier are all recommended here , and it can be hard-solved without additional installation of driver files. For low power consumption, you can choose a T-generation CPU with a TDP of 35W, such as i3 8100T/i5 8400T/i3 9100T/i5 9400T; for performance, you can choose a TDP of 65W, and you can choose i3 8100/i5 8400/i3 9100/i5 9400, Of course, if you are rich, you can also choose i7 and i9.
It should be noted that it is not recommended to buy U with F, because there is no nuclear display and hard solution cannot be realized.
Regarding the purchase of motherboards, you can buy some monster boards: Rudouxi’s b365 has two 2.5G network cards and multiple SATA ports, but some netizens commented that the materials used are relatively poor. Later, I chose Gigabyte's z370n+i3 8100, which has two gigabit network cards, four sata ports, and two m2. It's still very good to start with Xianyu for 400 yuan.
2) For the 10th generation U , the core display cannot be directly driven after the system is installed, and an additional core display driver operation is required , which is relatively cumbersome, and there are many motherboards posted on the Internet that are not compatible with the core display and cannot be driven. If you have not purchased it, it is recommended Do not choose the 10th generation and later.
If you have already purchased, you can refer to my article: https://guoqing.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129258298 to install the nuclear display driver to see if it can be hard-coded. In addition, if the BIOS pops up an error and cannot be started after the 10th generation U installation, you need to turn off the secure boot of the motherboard (no bullet, such as my ASUS z490i, this step is not necessary)
After my test, the MSI H410I PRO cannot be installed normally either by arpl or the existing boot method. There is a problem of being unable to drive the network card repeatedly for 10 minutes, and the other Gigabyte Z490I and ASUS Z490I are normal. Taobao technicians said that the 10th generation MSI motherboard cannot be installed because there are no other 10th generation MSI motherboards, so it cannot be verified. If you have experience, please comment below.
3) The 11th and 12th generations are not recommended ! As we all know, the low-core version of Heiqunhui cannot enable the hard solution of the core display for 11th generation or above CPUs.
1.3. Ultra-high power consumption recommendation
Why is it called ultra-high power consumption? The U of the server is recommended here, mainly the E5 series. The main thing to note is that the U of the E5 has no core display, so hard solutions cannot be performed. But the advantage is that it is cheap, has a large number of cores, and has strong performance.
There are more choices online is E5 2666V3, which has 10 cores for 150 yuan, and the main frequency is also 2.9G, and the TDP is 135W. The motherboard can choose South China Gold X99tf, about 300-500.
2. Recommended radiator
It should be noted that the height of the radiator must be supported by your chassis , you can ask the seller: can this chassis support xx radiators / what is the highest radiator height supported by the chassis
Since the nas chassis are relatively small, most of them use down-pressure radiators.
So here are a few of Limin’s down-pressure radiators recommended: X36, X47, X53, axp100 58mm, the two numbers behind are the height of the radiator, you can choose according to your own chassis.
The reason for recommending Limin is that the price of big brands is moderate and the heat dissipation effect is good. In the later stage, an owl fan can be replaced for quietness.
3. Network card selection
This is optional. If you plan to use AIO as an additional soft route or increase the transmission rate of nas, you can choose an additional network card.
1) Gigabit network card : Intel chips are recommended here, and RTL crab chips are strongly not recommended;
2) 2.5G network card : Intel i225 b3 (before the b3 version, there was a report of disconnection), i226, Crab: 8125, 8152 are all available. There are ready-made guides online. It is also provided in my tutorial: https://guoqing.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129286961 . Of course, Intel is a bit more expensive, so I chose the 4-port 8125B network card. Choose to connect directly with the PC network cable in my dormitory, and the transmission speed is 280m/s.
3) 10 Gigabit network card : X540 T2 is recommended first. If you want to ask why, only two words are cheap! ! ! The two-port 10-gigabit network card only costs 65, which is cheaper than Gigabit. I bought two laboratory computers and one laboratory nas, and the transmission rate is 1G/s.
Of course, there are three problems with the X540 T2 network card: 1) Compatibility requires that your motherboard has an X16/X8 socket, and the X16 cannot share PCIE with the graphics card, otherwise it will not be recognized (if no graphics card is inserted, it can be normal if it is inserted in the graphics card position) identified). I have tried the MSI Z370 gaming Pro carbon at home, and the MSI Z690 blade in the laboratory. It can be recognized normally when inserted into the PCIE 16 slot of the south bridge (win11 needs to install the server driver, download link: https://www.inspur.com/ eportal/ui?struts.portlet.action=/portlet/download-front!toView.action&pageId=2367231&index=0&product_id=4553&type=0&productName=network card%20X540 ), nas Gigabyte Z30n inserted in the graphics card slot can also be recognized normally. 2) 2.5G and 5G are not supported , only 100M/1G (gigabit)/10G (10G). Its upgraded X550 T2 can support it, but the price is too expensive. 3) It generates a lot of heat . After all, it is the network card inserted in the previous server. It is recommended to install a small fan. There are also online sellers who can help you pay for it.
4. Chassis selection
This varies from person to person, just choose a nas chassis online according to your preference.
Pure solid state small chassis :
1) Lzmod 2.7-liter chassis: one network card and three SATA solid state can be installed, and the height of the CPU radiator can support 37mm. Both Noctua L9I and Limin X36 can be used, which can be regarded as the limit operation. It is very suitable for a crowded laboratory. It is pure solid state, and it is okay to be accidentally kicked a few times. I chose this one. The slightly higher price is the problem!
2) Lianda L65/L80 chassis: The advantage is that it is cheap, and can hold a 3.5-inch hard disk, or two 2.5-inch hard disks (L80, with a hard disk rack, and four 2.5-inch hard disks can be installed with the height of the radiator). The disadvantage is that there is a relatively large limit on the height of the radiator, which is only suitable for low-power board U.
NAS dedicated chassis:
1) Cheaper ones: Snail Interstellar Chassis, Hengyu, Fanlong Industrial Control, Topron.
2) More expensive ones: Wanyou, Yingguang MS04, Auriga, Sagittarius, Qiao Sibo n1/n2, Treasure Box, Centaur, which seem to be much more advanced, and of course they cost a lot more.
Multi-bay medium and large size:
Air-cooled box xl3, SilverStone CS380/DS380, Peninsula iron box F10, invasion X1, Antec P101S.
5. Power selection
The power supplies commonly used by nas can be classified into four categories, which can be selected according to the requirements of the chassis:
Pure solid state small case power supply:
1) DC-ATX module + notebook power supply: directly search for the DC-ATX module on Taobao, and add a corresponding notebook power supply;
2) Built-in power supply: You can search for "EPP-200 MEAN WELL" or "Jinshengyang LOF225" and ask customer service;
1u power supply:
This is the power supply installed in most nas chassis, the main matching includes: Yiheng, Delta, FSP, etc.
sfx power supply and atx power supply:
I won’t talk about this, I bought the sfx power supply, which is the most commonly used power supply for installed machines, and bought it from FSP. The atx power supply has been bought from Delta and Corsair, and it is very easy to use.
6. Memory stick and hard disk selection
memory selection
When choosing a memory module, you need to pay attention to matching it with your motherboard. Check whether the motherboard is plugged into a desktop memory stick or a notebook memory stick. And whether the motherboard supports ddr3 or ddr4.
In terms of capacity, 4G is generally enough, of course, the more the better, after all, Synology has the function of memory caching, which can increase your speed.
hard disk
If the motherboard supports nvme, you can add nvme as a cache disk or storage disk, see the tutorial: https://guoqing.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129287593 .
For the storage disk, you can choose a mechanical disk for a large capacity. It should be noted that it is best to choose a vertical mechanical disk. The specific difference between a vertical disk and an shingled disk can be searched on Baidu. There are many online introductions. Here we recommend Pinduoduo Hikvision and Dahua’s monitoring panels, which are vertical and inexpensive.