S5PV210 | Bare metal assembly LED water lamp experiment

S5PV210| Bare-metal assembly LEDrunning water lamp experiment

Development board:

1. Schematic

POWERIn the figure above, when the button is pressed , the sum and VDD_5Vthe voltage VDD_IOwill be generated . There is no need to control it, and it is always on, which is what we call the power indicator light. The corresponding ports are as follows:5V3.3VD26GPIOD[22:25]GPIO

LED indicator	GPIO port	serial number	action
D22	GPJ_3	LED1	1: Off, 0: On
D23	GPJ0_4	LED2	1: Off, 0: On
D24	GPJ0_5	LED3	1: Off, 0: On
D25	GPD0_1	LED4	1: Off, 0: On

The corresponding GPIOport outputs a low level and lights up LED; otherwise, turns off LEDthe light;

2. Datasheet related

1.S5PV210 RISC微处理器用户手册：
	S5PV210_UM_REV1.1.pdf
	获取方式：可在CSDN搜索下载，也可以@大飞歌获取

2.应用手册（内部ROM启动）:
	S5PV210_iROM_ApplicationNote_Preliminary_20091126.pdf 
	获取方式：可网路搜索下载，也可以@大飞歌获取
	中文文档地址：https://blog.csdn.net/I_feige/article/details/104848609
	
3.底板电路原理图：
	x210bv3s.pdf
	下载链接：https://download.csdn.net/download/i_feige/11877902

Please refer to the following chapters ( ) for the details of the control LED GPIOregister settings S5PV210_UM_REV1.1.pdf:

V210_ Book cover 
errata 
section 01_ overview 
section 02_ system 
section 03_ bus 
section 04_ interupt 
section 05_ memory 
section 06_ dma 
section 07_ timer 
section 08_ connectivity _ storage 
section 09_ mutimedia 
section 10_ audio _ etc 
section 11_ securty 
section 12_ etc

2.2.7 PORT GROUP GPD0 CONTROL REGISTER 
2.2.7.1 Port Group GPD0 Control Register ( GPD0CON , R / W , Address 0xE020_00A0)
2.2.7.2 Port Group GPD0 Control Register ( GPD0DAT , R / W , Address 0xE020_00A4)
2.2.7.3 Port Group GPD0 Control Register ( GPD0PUD , R / W , Address 0xE020_00A8)
2.2.7.4 Port Group GPD0 Control Register ( GPD0DRV , R / W , Address 0xE020_00AC)
2.2.7.5 Port Group GPD0 Control Register ( GPD0CONPDN , R / W , Address 0xE020_00B0)
2.2.7.6 Port Group GPD0 Control Register ( GPD0PUDPDN , R / W , Address 0xE020_00B4)

2.2.20 PORT GROUP GPJ0 CONTROL REGISTER 
2.2.20.1 Port Group GPJ0 Control Register ( GPJ0CON , R / W , Address 0xE020_0240)
2.2.20.2 Port Group GPJ0 Control Register ( GPJ0DAT , R / W , Address 0xE020_0244)
2.2.20.3 Port Group GPJ0 Control Register ( GPJ0PUD , R / W , Address 0xE020_0248)
2.2.20.4 Port Group GPJ0 Control Register ( GPJ0DRV , R / W , Address 0xE020_024C)
2.2.20.5 Port Group GPJ0 Control Register ( GPJ0CONPDN , R / W , Address 0xE020_0250)
2.2.20.6 Port Group GPJ0 Control Register ( GPJ0PUDPDN , R / W , Address 0xE020_0254)

GPD0Relevant information of the control register group (some excerpts are as follows):

2.2.7 PORT GROUP GPD0 CONTROL REGISTER
There are six control registers, which are GPD0CON, GPD0DAT, GPD0PUD, GPD0DRV, GPD0CONPDNand
port group GPD0control registers GPD0PUDPDN.
2.2.7.1 Port Group GPD0Control Registers ( GPD0CON, R/W, Address = 0xE020_00A0)

GPD0CON	Bit	Description	Initial State
GPD0CON[3]	[15:12]	0000 = Input 0001 = Output 0010 = TOUT_3 0011 ~ 1110 = Reserved 1111 = GPD0_INT[3]	0000
GPD0CON[2]	[11:8]	0000 = Input 0001 = Output 0010 = TOUT_2 0011 ~ 1110 = Reserved 1111 = GPD0_INT[2]	0000
GPD0CON[1]	[7:4]	0000 = Input 0001 = Output 0010 = TOUT_1 0011 ~ 1110 = Reserved 1111 = GPD0_INT[1]	0000
GPD0CON[0]	[3:0]	0000 = Input 0001 = Output 0010 = TOUT_0 0011 ~ 1110 = Reserved 1111 = GPD0_INT[0]	0000

2.2.7.2 Port Group GPD0Data Mapping Registers ( GPD0DAT, R/W, Address = 0xE020_00A4)

GPD0DAT	Bit	Description	Initial State
GPD0DAT[3:0]	[3:0]	When a port is configured as an input port, the corresponding bit is the pin state. When the port is configured as an output port, the pin state is the same as the corresponding bit. When the port is configured as a function pin, an undefined value will be read.	0000

---

2.2.7.3 Port group GPD0pull-up and pull-down configuration registers ( GPD0PUD, R/W, Address = 0xE020_00A8)

GPD0PUD	Bit	Description	Initial State
GPD0PUD[n]	[2n+1:2n] n=0~3	00 = pull-up/pull-down disabled 01 = pull-down enabled 10 = pull-up enabled 11 = reserved	0x0055

2.2.7.4 Port Group GPD0Drive Strength Configuration Register ( GPD0DRV, R/W, Address = 0xE020_00AC)

GPD0DRV	Bit	Description	Initial State
GPD0DRV[n]	[2n+1:2n] n=0~3	00 = 1x 10 = 2x 01 = 3x 11 = 4x	0x0000

2.2.7.5 Port Group GPD0Low Power Mode Configuration Register ( GPD0CONPDN, R/W, Address = 0xE020_00B0)

GPD0CONPDN	Bit	Description	Initial State
GPD0[n]	[2n+1:2n] n=0~3	00 = Output 0 01 = Output 1 10 = Input 11 = Previous state	0x00

2.2.7.6 Port Group GPD0Low Power Mode Pull-Up/Pull-Down Register ( GPD0PUDPDN, R/W, Address = 0xE020_00B4)

GPD0PUDPDN	Bit	Description	Initial State
GPD0[n]	[2n+1:2n] n=0~3	00 = pull-up/pull-down disabled 01 = pull-down enabled 10 = pull-up enabled 11 = reserved	0x00

---

For example, set GPD0_1 IOthe port to output mode, pull it up or pull it down (assembled language implementation):

#define GPD0CON         0xE02000A0
#define GPD0DAT         0xE02000A4

	/* 初始化GPIO口（配置为输出模式），下面是比较规范的一种写法,也可参考代码实现（流水灯）相关部分 */    
ldr r0,=GPD0CON    		//r0=0xE02000A0
ldr r1,[r0]            	//将r0地址处的数据读出，保存到r1中（零偏移）
orr r1,r1,#0x0010      	//设置r1的第4位(置1)，其他位保持不变[7:4]->0001=Output
str r1,[r0]            	//将r1中的内容传输到r0中数指定的地址内存中去
	
	/* 点亮LED4，GPIO口输出低电平 */
ldr r0,=GPD0DAT			//r0=0xE02000A4
ldr r1,[r0]           	//将r0地址处的数据读出，保存到r1中（零偏移）
bic r1,r1,#0x0002		//清除r1的第1位(置0)，其他位保持不变[1]
str r1,[r0]			  	//将r1中的内容传输到r0中数指定的地址内存中去

	/* 熄灭LED4，GPIO口输出高电平 */
ldr r0,=GPD0DAT			//r0=0xE02000A4
ldr r1,[r0]          	//将r0地址处的数据读出，保存到r1中（零偏移）
orr r1,r1,#0x0002		//设置r1的第1位(置1)，其他位保持不变[1]
str r1,[r0]			 	//将r1中的内容传输到r0中数指定的地址内存中去

---

3. Code

3-1. Code implementation (water lamp, just for demonstration)

/*******************************************************
 *   > File Name: start.S
 *   > Author: fly
 *   > Create Time: 2020年07月17日 星期五 07时56分19秒
 ******************************************************/
/*=====================================================
 * 汇编点亮led灯：对应GPIO口输出低电平，点亮LED
 * D22->GPJ0_3
 * D23->GPJ0_4
 * D24->GPJ0_5
 * D25->PWMOUT1/GPD0_1
 *====================================================*/
#define GPD0CON         0xE02000A0
#define GPD0DAT         0xE02000A4
#define GPD0PUD         0xE02000A8

#define GPJ0CON         0xE0200240
#define GPJ0DAT         0xE0200244
#define GPJ0PUD         0xE0200248

#define PS_HOLD_CONTORL 0xE010E81C
#define WTCON           0xE2700000
#define SVC_STACK       0xD0037D80

//#define CONFIG_SYS_ICACHE_OFF   1

.global _start
_start:
    //给5v电源置锁
    //LDR指令：从内存中将1个32位的字读取到目标寄存器中
    //STR指令：将1个32位的字数据写入到指令中指定的内存单元中
    //ORR指令：逻辑或操作指令
    //BIC指令:位清除指令
    //MOV指令：数据传送
    ldr r0,=PS_HOLD_CONTORL     //r0=0xE010E81C
    ldr r1,[r0]                 //将r0地址处的数据读出，保存到r1中（零偏移）
    orr r1,r1,#0x300            //设置r1的第8、9位，其他位保持不变
    orr r1,r1,#0x1              //设置r1的第1位，其他位保持不变
    str r1,[r0]                 //将r1中的内容传输到r0中数指定的地址内存中去

    //关看门狗
    ldr r0, =WTCON
    mov r1, #0				   //将立即数0传输到r1处
    str r1, [r0]

    //开/关iCache
    // MRC指令:从协处理器寄存器传数据到ARM寄存器
    // MCR指令:从ARM寄存器传数据到协处理器寄存器
    mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
    #ifdef CONFIG_SYS_ICACHE_OFF
    bic r0, r0, #0x00001000     @ clear bit 12 (I) I-Cache
    #else
    orr r0, r0, #0x00001000     @ set bit 12 (I) I-Cache
    #endif
    mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0

    //设置栈，以便调用c函数
    ldr sp, =SVC_STACK

led_init:
    /* LED初始化 */
    //把GPIO设置输出模式
    ldr r0,=0x11111111
    ldr r1,=GPJ0CON
    str r0, [r1]                //把GPJ0所有的IO设置为输出模式

    ldr r0,=0x00000010
    ldr r1,=GPD0CON
    str r0,[r1]                 //把GPD0_1设置为输出模式

led_run:
    /* LED流水灯 */
    // 第1步：点亮LED1，其他熄灭
    ldr r0, =~(1<<3)            //r0=0xFFFFFFF7
    ldr r1, =GPJ0DAT            //r1=0xE0200244
    str r0, [r1]
    //熄灭LED4
    ldr r0, =~(0<<1)            //r0=0xFFFFFFFF
    ldr r1, = GPD0DAT
    str r0, [r1]
    bl delay

    // 第2步：点亮LED2，其他熄灭
    ldr r0, =~(1<<4)            //r0=0xFFFFFFEF
    ldr r1, =GPJ0DAT
    str r0, [r1]
    bl delay

    // 第3步：点亮LED3，其他熄灭
    ldr r0, =~(1<<5)            //r0=0xFFFFFFDF
    ldr r1, =GPJ0DAT
    str r0, [r1]
    bl delay

    //熄灭LED3/4/5，点亮LED4
    ldr r0, = ((1<<3)|(1<<4)|(1<<5))
    ldr r1, =GPJ0DAT
    str r0, [r1]
    ldr r0, =~(1<<1)            //r0=0xFFFFFFFD
    ldr r1, = GPD0DAT
    str r0, [r1]
    bl delay

    bl led_run

half:
    b half

    /* 延时函数：delay*/
delay:
    ldr r2,=9000000
    ldr r3,=0x0
delay_loop:
    //SUB指令：从寄存器Rn中减去shifter_operand表示的数值，
    //并将结果保存在目标寄存器Rd中，并根据指令的执行结果
    //设置CPSR中的相应标志位
    //SUB {<cond>} {s} <Rd>,<Rn>,<shifter_operand>
    sub r2,r2,#1                //r2 = r2 - 1
    //CMP指令:使用寄存器Rn的值减去shifter_operand的值，
    //根据操作的结果更新CPSR中相应的条件标志位，以便后面
    //的指令根据相应的条件标志位来判断是否执行
    //CMP {<cond>} <Rn>,<shifter_operand>
    cmp r2, r3
    bne delay_loop
    mov pc,lr

Supporting compiled Makefilefiles:

# 将所有的.o文件链接成.elf文件，“-Ttext 0x0”
# 表示程序的运行地址是0x0，由于目前编写的是位置
# 无关码，可以在任一地址运行
# 将elf文件抽取为可在开发板上运行的bin文件
# 将elf文件反汇编保存在dis文件中，调试程序会用
# 添加文件头
# 编译器版本:arm-2009q3
.PHONY: all clean tools

CROSS		?= arm-linux-
NAME		:= LED

LD			:= $(CROSS)ld
OC			:= $(CROSS)objcopy
OD			:= $(CROSS)objdump
CC			:= $(CROSS)gcc
MK			:= ../../tools/mk_image/mkv210_image

all:$(NAME).bin

$(NAME).bin : start.o
	$(LD) -Ttext 0x0 -o $(NAME).elf $^
	$(OC) -O binary $(NAME).elf $(NAME).bin
	$(OD) -D $(NAME).elf > $(NAME)_elf.dis
	$(MK) $(NAME).bin

# 将当前目录下存在的汇编文件及C文件编译成.o文件
%.o : %.S
	$(CC) -o $@ $< -c
%.o : %.c
	$(CC) -o $@ $< -c

clean:
	$(RM) *.o *.elf *.bin *.dis *.sd

tools:
	make -C ../../tools/mk_image/

arm-linux-ld--help: A linker tool, its main function is to link multiple compiled binary files into an executable binary file. There are many options for this command. You can use options to view specific options when you use them. usage.

arm-linux-ld -Ttext 0x0 -o led.elf $^: This sentence is to connect all dependent files into ELFa format file. During the connection process, -Ttext 0x0this option tells the linker that this program needs to be loaded and executed at RAMthe 0x00000000address. So when connecting, the connection address of the first statement is 0x00000000, and the second statement follows it. Many people are talking about the connection address and the running address. The running address can be equal to the connection address, and it can also be considered that the running address is pcthe address pointed by the pointer, that is, the address where the instruction is being executed. Just understand the concept.

arm-linux-objcopy: It is used to copy the content of an object file to another file. This option can perform format conversion. In actual programming, the most used is

Convert ELFan executable file of the format to a binary file

arm-linux-objdump: Commonly used to display binary file information, often used to view disassembly code

---

Compile:

fly@fly-vm:01-led_s$ make clean
rm -f *.o *.elf *.bin *.dis *.sd *.BIN
fly@fly-vm:01-led_s$ ls
Makefile  start.S
fly@fly-vm:01-led_s$ make
arm-linux-gcc -o start.o start.S -c
arm-linux-ld -Ttext 0x0 -o LED.elf start.o
arm-linux-objcopy -O binary LED.elf LED.bin
arm-linux-objdump -D LED.elf > LED_elf.dis
../../tools/mk_image/mkv210_image LED.bin
the checksum 0x000060EB for 228bytes, output: LED.bin.SD.BIN
fly@fly-vm:01-led_s$ ls
LED.bin  LED.bin.SD.BIN  LED.elf  LED_elf.dis  Makefile  start.o  start.S

---

3-2. Tool mkv210_imagecode

/*******************************************************************
 *   > File Name: mkv210_image.c
 *   > Author: fly
 *   > Create Time: 2021-06-17  4/24  12:03:22 +0800
 *   > Note: 将USB启动时使用的BIN文件制作得到SD启动的Image
 *          计算校验和，添加16字节文件头，校验和写入第8字节处
 *================================================================*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define ERR_STR                 strerror(errno)
#define SPL_HEADER_SIZE         (16)
#define SPL_HEADER              "@S5PV210$$$$****"
#define IMG_SIZE                (16*1204)
#define FILE_PATH_LEN_MAX       (256)

char *mk_getCheckSumFile(char *binName)
{
    
    
    static char checkSumFileName[FILE_PATH_LEN_MAX] = {
    
    0};

    //snprintf(checkSumFileName, FILE_PATH_LEN_MAX, "%s%s", "sd.", binName);
    snprintf(checkSumFileName, FILE_PATH_LEN_MAX, "%s%s",  binName, ".SD.BIN");
    return (char*)checkSumFileName;
}

long mk_getFileLen(FILE* fp)
{
    
    
    static long fileLen = 0;
    fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_END);
    fileLen = ftell(fp);
    fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_SET);
    return fileLen;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    
    
    FILE* fps, *fpd;
    long nbytes, fileLen;
    unsigned int checksum, count;
    char *BUF = NULL, *pBUF = NULL;
    int i;

    if(argc != 2){
    
    
        printf("Usage: %s <bin-file>\n", argv[0]);exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    /* 打开源BIN文件 */
    fps = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
    if (fps == NULL){
    
    
        printf("fopen %s err: %s\n", argv[1], ERR_STR);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    /* 创建目标BIN文件 */
    fpd = fopen(mk_getCheckSumFile(argv[1]), "w+b");
    if (fpd == NULL){
    
    
        printf("fopen %s err: %s\n", mk_getCheckSumFile(argv[1]), ERR_STR);
        fclose(fps);exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    /* 获取源文件大小 */
    fileLen = mk_getFileLen(fps);
    if(fileLen < (IMG_SIZE - SPL_HEADER_SIZE)){
    
    
        count = fileLen;
    }else{
    
    
        count = IMG_SIZE - SPL_HEADER_SIZE;
    }

    BUF = (char *)malloc(IMG_SIZE);/* malloc 16KB BUF */
    if (BUF == NULL){
    
    
        printf("malloc err: %s\n", ERR_STR);
        fclose(fps);fclose(fpd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    memcpy(&BUF[0], SPL_HEADER, SPL_HEADER_SIZE);
    nbytes = fread(BUF+SPL_HEADER_SIZE, 1, count, fps);

    /* 计算文件检验和 */
    pBUF = BUF + SPL_HEADER_SIZE;
    for(i = 0, checksum = 0; i< IMG_SIZE - SPL_HEADER_SIZE; i++)
    {
    
    
        checksum += (0x000000FF) & *pBUF++;
    }
    pBUF = BUF + 8;
    *((unsigned int *)pBUF) = checksum;

    /* 将校验和源文件写入目标文件 */
    fwrite(BUF, 1, IMG_SIZE, fpd);

    printf("the checksum 0x%08X for %ldbytes, output: %s\n", \
            checksum, fileLen, mk_getCheckSumFile(argv[1]));

    free(BUF);
    fclose(fps);
    fclose(fpd);

    return 0;
}

---

Supporting Makefile

.PHONY: all clean

CC              = gcc
SRC             = ${wildcard *.c}
BIN             = ${patsubst %.c, %, $(SRC)}
CFLAGS  = -g -Wall
RM              = rm -rf
PRJ_PATH= $(shell pwd)

all:$(BIN)

$(BIN):%:%.c
        @echo [CC] $@
        @$(CC) -o $@ $^ $(CFALGS) -D_PRJ_PATH_='"$(PRJ_PATH)"'

clean:
        $(RM) a.out $(BIN) .*.*.sw? *.sd

test:
        @echo $(PRJ_PATH)

.PHONY: clean test

---

4. run

SD card boot

1. Turn the OM5 switch to the lower side of the development board (select the startup method):

2. Download the BIN file to SD card

2-1. Use x210_Fusing_Tool.exe to download under Windows (note to use administrator mode to open)

Clean up x210_Fusing_Tool.exethe file list, enter the directory: C:\Users\fly\AppData\Roaming\SDFusing, and delete the file config.ini;

2-2.Linux download BIN file to SD card script command:

#!/bin/sh

#命令行参数检测
if [ -n "$1" ];then
    echo "Source file: $1"
else
    echo "Usage:$0 <source_file>"
    exit -1
fi

#使用超级用户权限把210.bin读取进来，经过处理再输出到设备sdb上，
#跳过该设备的第一个block（每个block的大小为512B）
sudo dd iflag=dsync oflag=dsync if=$1 of=/dev/sdb seek=1

Another more specific way of writing the script:

###########################################################
  # File Name: s5pv210-irom-sd.sh
  # Author: fly
  # Created Time: 2021-06-27  0/25  14:51:59 +0800
###########################################################
#!/bin/bash

# s5pv210 irom sd boot fusing tool
# display usage message
USAGE()
{
    
    
    echo Usage: $(basename "$0") '<device> <bootloader>'
    echo '      device      = disk device name of for SD card.'
    echo '      bootloader  = /path/to/*.bin.sd'
    echo 'e.g. '$(basename "$0")' /dev/sdb boot.bin.sd'
}

[ `id -u` == 0 ] || {
    
     echo "you must be root user"; exit 1;}
[ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ] && {
    
     USAGE; exit 1; }

dev="$1"
xboot="$2"

# validate parameters
[ -b "${dev}" ] || {
    
     echo "${dev} is not a valid block device"; exit 1; }
[ X"${dev}" = X"${dev%%[0-9]}" ] || {
    
     echo "${dev} is a partition, please use device, perhaps ${dev%%[0-9]}"; exit 1; }
[ -f ${xboot} ] || {
    
     echo "${xboot} is not a bootloader binary file."; exit 1; }

# copy the full bootloader image to block device
dd if="${xboot}" of="${dev}" bs=512 seek=1 conv=sync

sync;
sync;
sync;

echo "^_^ The image is fused successfully"

3. Insert the SD card into the SD2 channel, and then power on to check the running status of the program

Turn on the power, POWERpress and hold the key ; you can use the serial port tool to connect UART2, and there will be print debugging information output;

5. Reference

1. Book: ARM Embedded Architecture and Interface Technology (Cortex-A8 Edition) (ARM Embedded Architecture and Interface Technology)

2. Book: C Language Programming of Embedded Linux

3. Cross compiler 1 used: https://sourcery.mentor.com/public/gnu_toolchain/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/arm-2009q3-67-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux -gnu.tar.bz2

4. Compiler download address 2 (CSDN): https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_37363920/12333876?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-download-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2%7Edefault-1.baidujs&depth_1 -utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-download-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2%7Edefault-1.baidujs

5. Project address: https://gitee.com/x210bv3s/s5pv210-noos-dev

6.S5PV210_UM_REV1.1.pdf：https://download.csdn.net/download/han1202012/8342745?utm_source=iteye_new

7.S5PV210_iROM_ApplicationNote_Preliminary_20091126.pdf：https://download.csdn.net/download/q171884957/8561553

8. S5PV210_iROM_ApplicationNote_Preliminary_20091126.pdf (Chinese version): https://blog.csdn.net/I_feige/article/details/104848609

9.x210_Fusing_Tool.exe download address: https://download.csdn.net/download/i_feige/11937635