The master data model is the foundation of master data management. A complete, extensible and relatively stable master data model plays an important role in the success of master data management. The process of planning and creating the master data model is the process of sorting out the master data management system. The purpose is to establish a good resource directory structure and divide reasonable resource granularity.
Last week, I pushed "How to Manage Models on the Master Data Management Platform" to everyone. Many fans asked Xiaoyi for master data model templates in the background. No, Xiaoyi has collected and organized 10 master data models, and you can refer to them for model design.
01
Person Master Data Model
Personnel master data is one of the basic and core master data of an enterprise. We use it in the human resource management system and related modules, such as recruitment, training, assessment, salary and other modules. In addition, OA system and business system also use personnel master data.
Table 1: Example of Person Master Data Model
Table 1 is a conventional model of personnel master data, which basically includes relevant information of personnel files. This personnel master data model includes the basic attribute information (item 1 to item 9) and business attribute information (item 10 to item 15) of personnel files, corresponding to reference data, enumerated data, and other referenced data main data.
02
Account Master Data Model
Accounts are defined as "users of enterprise information systems", and we hope to manage unified account master data from an enterprise perspective.
Table 2: Example of Account Master Data Model
The general model of account master data basically includes the main attribute fields of the "account" file in the system. Enterprises can use this as a reference when building an account master data model.
In the account master data model, we can see the "corresponding person code", "corresponding person name", and some other related fields of the corresponding person. The content of these fields comes from the corresponding person master data. This design does not fully follow the three paradigms of database design, because some attributes of personnel master data are redundant in the data model. In many application systems, the account model and personnel model are built in the same table. This is a compromise design method adopted to allow each system to use the account master data model well. Of course, it can also be based on the actual situation of the enterprise. Carry out targeted design.
03
Organization Master Data Model
An organization in an enterprise refers to a group formed by the enterprise in order to achieve a certain goal and cooperate with each other. Organizations often contain both company-level content and multi-level departments or even groups within the company. And such an organization will also produce multiple versions due to different perspectives, such as administrative organization, financial organization, equity organization, legal person organization, etc.
Administrative organization is an organizational structure divided from the perspective of enterprise management; financial organization is an organizational structure established through accounting, statistics, and assessment completely from a financial perspective; other organizations are organizational structures divided from their own perspectives. Large group enterprises have more organizational master data, while individual enterprises have relatively less organizational master data.
Table 3: Example of administrative organization model
The following characteristics need to be paid attention to in the design of the organization's master data model:
(1) Organizational master data is a tree structure, except for the root node, each node has a superior node.
(2) Organizations usually include two major levels: company and department.
(3) Organizational master data is usually associated with personnel master data.
The organizational master data usually sets the attributes of the person in charge of the organization. When adjusting the person in charge of the human resources department or the cadre, it needs to be maintained in the organizational master data.
(4) Organizational master data usually refers to administrative master data, which is also the most widely used type of organizational master data.
There may be many versions of organizations in an enterprise, and the data structure is roughly similar, but the content and perspectives described are very different. It is precisely because of the different perspectives that the data content may also be different.
(5) Organization master data needs to pay attention to version management and timeliness.
Organizations will be adjusted on an annual or business basis, new organizations will emerge, and old organizations may die, which also includes the merger and split of organizations. Business actions or business statistics provide information support.
(6) Other organizational master data models.
The design of master data models of other organizations, such as financial organizations, legal person organizations, and equity organizations, can refer to the master data model of administrative organizations. The model structure does not change much, but the content carried has different perspectives.
04
Merchant master data model
Table 4: Merchant master data model
The model example in Table 4 is based on the customer master data model of a pharmaceutical company in a certain district as a data example. According to the business situation of the enterprise, the customer master data is further subdivided, and at the same time, more specific description fields are added according to the subdivision types. The description of this model focuses on the description of the objective basic attributes of entities.
05
Customer Master Data Model
The customer master data model can properly highlight the service concerns of the enterprise, and at the same time consider the maintainability of the content in the management and maintenance of customer data.
Table 5: Example of customer master data model
06
Supplier Master Data Model
The supplier master data model needs to fully consider the seriousness of enterprise procurement, and the collection of supplier master data should be relatively sufficient and accurate, laying the foundation for subsequent supplier management and rating work.
Table 6: Supplier Master Data Model
07
Channel Master Data Model
Channel master data can relatively consider internal management and service needs, construct internal corresponding management and service departments, positions, personnel, etc., and highlight the company's channel expansion and service attributes.
Table 7: Example of channel master data model
08
Product Master Data Model
Product master data is a master data with industry characteristics. Product master data involves many industries, especially circulation companies, consumer goods companies, and manufacturing companies. Products are the core of an enterprise, and all business lines in many enterprises revolve around products, from product design and production to marketing, sales, and service. If the product master data is not done well, then the statistical analysis around this product will be distorted and inaccurate, and it will be difficult for us to observe the whole picture of this product.
The product master data model (example) of a furniture enterprise is shown in Figure 8-1.
Figure 8-1
The product master data model (example) of pharmaceutical distribution enterprises is shown in Table 8-2.
Table 8-2
09
Material Master Data Model
Material master data is a type of master data, that is to say, material is a type, and there is a granularity division. We can define a type in the enterprise, and then classify all materials into this type, or divide the materials into 100,000 categories, and then classify the physical objects of each material into each subdivided category.
Usually we use a multi-level tree structure to classify materials. The classification of a material is shown in the table below.
When defining the model of material master data, it is necessary to pay attention to the division of categories at each level, and try to abide by the unified principle of category division (one perspective, full coverage, no intersection), especially between different levels, try not to switch perspectives. However, even if we try our best to abide by the principle of classification, it is difficult to avoid the repetition of material division, because there are too many materials. Therefore, we also need to compile corresponding reporting specifications and provide specific guidance on the classification of physical objects, so as to avoid problems in the use process.
At the same time, when an item meets two or more classifications, it can also be classified according to the use or purpose of the item, or as a substitute option.
10
Item Master Data Model
Project master data is the most concerned content of enterprises whose operation mode is project.
As a professional discipline, project management has been relatively mature and popular, but in different project-centric enterprises, due to their respective industries, the differences in project master data models are also very large. Let's take the real estate enterprise project master data management as an example to illustrate.
Table 10: Example of master data model of a real estate enterprise project
11
Ruima master data management platform built-in template
Of course, you still have an easier way, just use the template set of Ruima master data management platform. It has built-in standard templates such as departmental master data, supplier master data, accounting subject master data, organization master data, customer master data, etc., and the master data model can be easily set up with templates.
Operation steps: When creating a new model, select [New Model Based on Template], select the master data template in the template library, set the model title, model code and other information, and save to complete the creation. Get it done in one step!
Interested partners can try Ruima master data management platform online for free.