The Internet of
Things, the English name of the Internet of things, can be commonly understood as "everything is interconnected, and everything is connected to each other". In the new era of AI empowerment, all objects can intelligently and automatically "communicate" with each other, so that everything can be perceived. The "communication" between all things is inseparable from the use of sensor network technology. According to the report of the US "Technology Review" magazine, in the future, sensor network technology will rank first among the top ten technologies that will change people's lives. 
Sensor technology is to deploy or embed sensors in buildings such as railways, tunnels, bridges, buildings and dams to monitor the operating status of building structures in real time. From a professional point of view, it is to monitor the internal force state and deformation data of the structure, and transmit the real-time data to the server for storage and analysis through the wireless network transmission system. 
Reservoir and dam safety intelligent monitoring system
based on Internet of Things technology Reservoir and dam safety intelligent monitoring system using Internet of Things technology needs to rely on multiple disciplines such as dam engineering, engineering material mechanics, mechanics along the way, fluid mechanics, software engineering, hardware engineering and artificial intelligence Guidance, integrating methods and technologies such as measurement technology, signal processing, communication technology, Internet of Things technology, cryptography, cloud computing and scientific computing, and carrying out dam safety inspection information based on the Internet of Things and cloud computing under the framework of the Internet of Things Perception fusion and dynamic evaluation model research to realize dam intelligent inspection and real-time online monitoring. 
After the monitoring system is installed in the dam of the reservoir, it can timely measure the deformation of the dam body and foundation, seepage, seepage, stress and strain state, etc. under unconventional conditions in the flood season, grasp the development and evolution trend of the dam and its foundation, and monitor the possible precursors of accidents. Forecasting and early warning and putting forward corresponding suggestions and treatment measures can eliminate potential safety hazards in time and provide protection for the safety of people's lives and property. 
Using the Internet of Things technology to monitor different types of dams
There are many types of dams according to their structure types. The common types of dams are gravity dams, arch dams, earth-rockfill dams and face rockfill dams. Different types of dam monitoring projects and methods are different.
01 Gravity Dam
Usually, it is necessary to monitor the horizontal displacement of the dam crest, the vertical displacement of the dam crest, and the joints of the dam body through methods such as static leveling, vacuum laser alignment, vertical lines, tension lines, and joint gauges. Pieces and other equipment should also be used to monitor items such as dam foundation uplift pressure, seepage flow, and seepage around the dam. 
02 Arch dam
An arched water-retaining structure that is "convex" upstream on the plane, and transmits all or part of the water pressure to the bedrock on both sides of the valley by means of the arch. Compared with the gravity dam, under the action of water pressure, the stability of the dam body does not need to rely on its own weight to maintain, but is mainly supported by the reaction of the bedrock at the arch end. The section of the arch ring mainly bears the axial reaction force, which can make full use of the strength of the dam building material. 
03 Earth-rock dams
generally refer to retaining dams built from local soil, stone or mixed materials through casting, rolling and other methods. It is the oldest type of dam. When the dam body material is mainly soil and gravel, it is called an earth dam; when gravel, pebbles, and blasting stones are mainly used, it is called a rockfill dam; when both types of local materials account for a considerable proportion, it is called an earth-rock mixed dam. Compared with other dam types, earth-rock dams pay more attention to deformation monitoring. At present, earth-rock dams are the most widely used and fastest-growing dam types in dam construction in the world. 
04 Rockfill dams
use rockfill or gravel as the main structure, and the anti-seepage of the distraction wall and surface layer. Generally, the core wall gravel dam is planned as an earth dam, and the concrete face gravel dam is classified as a face rockfill dam. The surface layer anti-seepage rockfill dams are mainly concrete face dams. In addition, there are rockfill dams such as wood, mortar block stone, shotcrete, asphalt and steel face. 
The Significance of Reservoir Dam Safety Monitoring
◆Reservoir hidden danger management. The Internet of Things technology can conduct all-weather real-time monitoring of old reservoirs with hidden safety hazards, and accurately find the location of hidden dangers, making up for the shortcomings of traditional inspection processes.
◆Treatment of dam failure. A large part of the reason why dam failures cause huge losses is that the staff cannot give early warning in time. The dam failure accident happened extremely fast, and the combination of Internet of Things technology and the Internet can realize the rapid transmission of information and messages. Once it is detected that the dam is about to break or has already broken, the news will be disseminated and spread as soon as possible to avoid large-scale casualties.
◆ Governance of lack of management. The combination of Internet of Things technology and cloud technology can realize remote monitoring and remote teaching, which plays an extremely important role in the management of the safety of the dam.
◆Renewal of security monitoring facilities. The Internet of Things technology can monitor the situation of the reservoir dam in real time, and if there is a safety problem, it can be found in time and the information will be transmitted to the maintenance department. At the same time, the Internet of Things technology requires the support of various facilities. If the reservoir chooses to use the Internet of Things and cloud technology, it will definitely promote the upgrading of related equipment.
◆Reservoir real-time supervision. In order to avoid unnecessary losses caused by staff mistakes, corresponding measures should be taken to replace human inspections with system supervision. Compared with manpower, the error probability of Internet of Things technology is lower, and it can be corrected in time after an error occurs, and the error tolerance rate is higher. In addition, the use of the Internet of Things and cloud technology can also greatly reduce the workload of staff and improve work efficiency.