Getting Started with Nginx to Abandoning the Pit---Installation and Use (2)

1 download

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2 Windows installation

2.1 Environment Introduction

Unzip it after the download is complete
The directory is as follows
Configuration file address: .\nginx-1.23.2\conf\nginx.conf, the default configured nginx listening port is 80

2.2 Confirm whether the port is occupied

Before starting the service, check whether port 80 is occupied. If so, close the corresponding process or modify the default port of nginx

# cmd黑窗口输入如下命令查看端口占用情况（有显示则代表被占用了，无返回内容则未被占用）
netstat -ano | findstr 0.0.0.0:80

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kill process
```
taskkill /pid 20112 -F
```

2.3 Start nginx service

.\nginx.exe

2.4 Close nginx service

Quick stop (not recommended: when using nginx -s stop, the nginx.pid file in logs will be deleted)
```
.\nginx.exe -s stop  
```
Orderly stop (recommended: when using nginx -s quit, the nginx.pid file in logs will also be deleted))
```
.\nginx.exe -s quit
```
Use taskkill to close: (use on demand: the nginx.pid file in logs will not be deleted)
```
taskkill /f /t /im nginx.exe
```

3 Linux installation

3.1 Environment check (whether history is installed)

Detection process

# 检索出带有nginx的进程
ps -ef |grep nginx
# 或者直接列出nginx相关的pid
ps -C nginx -o pid

stop autostart
```
# 停掉自启
chkconfig nginx off
```

Turn off the nginx service

# 等待工作进程处理完成后关闭
nginx -s quit

Confirm whether there are nginx processes and kill them

# 查和nginx相关的进程
ps -ef|grep nginx
# 杀掉对应的进程
kill -9 pid

Completely uninstall (confirm whether there are relevant dependencies left)
```
yum remove -y nginx
```

Confirm whether there are nginx related files remaining

# 方法1 whereis
whereis nginx
# 或者方法2 find
find / -name nginx*
# 删除目录及文件
rm -rf */nginx

3.2 Dependencies required for installing nginx

# gcc是linux下的编译器，它可以编译 C,C++,Ada,Object C和Java等语言
# pcre是一个perl库，包括perl兼容的正则表达式库，nginx的http模块使用pcre来解析正则表达式
# zlib库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩方式nginx使用zlib对http包的内容进行gzip
# openssl是web安全通信的基石
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel

3.3 Installation

3.3.1 Installation method - YUM installation

yum -y install nginx

After installation, the path is as follows:

# 可执行程序文件
/usr/sbin/nginx
# 配置文件路径
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# 日志路径
/var/log/nginx
# 缓存路径
/var/cache/nginx
# PID目录
/var/run/nginx.pid
# 默认站点目录
/usr/share/nginx/html

Start nginx and set it to start automatically

# 查看nginx安装版本
nginx -v
# 启动nginx
systemctl start nginx.service
# 设置开机自启
systemctl enable nginx.service
# 关闭开机自动启动
systemctl disable nginx

3.3.2 Installation method two source code compilation and installation

Download tar.gzthe installation package, click to download
- You can also use weget:wgte https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.23.2.tar.gz
Upload to the specified address/directory of the target server
unzip
```
tar xvf nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz
```
Enter the decompressed nginx directory
```
cd ./nginx
```

Change setting

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

Compile the source code
```
# 编译
make
# 安装
make install
```
start nginx
```
./nginx
```

4 Docker installation

# 下载最新镜像
docker pull nginx:latest
# 确认镜像
docker images
# 运行nginx容器
docker run --name nginx-test -p 8080:80 -d nginx

5 common commands

Common commands

# 重启Nginx
systemctl restart nginx

# 停止Nginx
systemctl stop nginx

# 重新加载Nginx
systemctl reload nginx

# 查看 Nginx 运行状态
systemctl status nginx




# Nginx 应用程序命令：
# 向主进程发送信号，重新加载配置文件，热重启
nginx -s reload
# 重启 Nginx
nginx -s reopen
# 快速关闭
nginx -s stop
# 等待工作进程处理完成后关闭
nginx -s quit
# 查看当前 Nginx 最终的配置
nginx -T
# 检查配置是否有问题
nginx -t

6 Configuration file details

# main段配置信息
user  nginx; # 运行用户，默认即是nginx，可以不进行设置
worker_processes  auto; # Nginx 进程数，一般设置为和 CPU 核数一样
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; # Nginx 的错误日志存放目录
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid; # Nginx 服务启动时的 pid 存放位置

# events段配置信息
events {
    use epoll; # 使用epoll的I/O模型(如果你不知道Nginx该使用哪种轮询方法，会自动选择一个最适合你操作系统的)
    worker_connections 1024; # 每个进程允许最大并发数
}

# http段配置信息
# 配置使用最频繁的部分，代理、缓存、日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置都在这里设置
http {
    # 设置日志模式
    log_format  main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log main; # Nginx访问日志存放位置

    sendfile            on; # 开启高效传输模式
    tcp_nopush          on; # 减少网络报文段的数量
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65; # 保持连接的时间，也叫超时时间，单位秒
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types; # 文件扩展名与类型映射表
    default_type        application/octet-stream; # 默认文件类型

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; # 加载子配置项
    
    # server段配置信息
    server {
     listen       80; # 配置监听的端口
     server_name  localhost; # 配置的域名
      
     # location段配置信息
     location / {
      root   /usr/share/nginx/html; # 网站根目录
      index  index.html index.htm; # 默认首页文件
      deny 172.168.22.11; # 禁止访问的ip地址，可以为all
      allow 172.168.33.44；# 允许访问的ip地址，可以为all
     }
     
     error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; # 默认50x对应的访问页面
     error_page 400 404 error.html; # 同上
    }
}