Chapter 1 Section 1: Proposition of Kant's Problem
What does critique of pure reason mean?
Meaning of " Criticism of Pure Reason ": Studying the Possibilities and Limits of Human Reason
Pure : does not rely on all experience.
Criticism : It does not mean negation, it means the study of the possibilities and limits of things
Why did Kant study the possibilities and limits of pure reason?
Before Kant, the views of rationalism and empiricism contradicted each other, and their views were more one-sided, Kant put forward his own views:
Kant partially agreed with empiricism , believing that natural science is rational, universal and inevitable, such as 2+2=4.
Kant partly agrees with rationalism , there are many transcendental things that human beings can never really know (this part agrees with rationalism), such as death
Therefore, Kant wants to study where the basis of reason is (the possibility of reason), which knowledge can be known and which knowledge cannot be known (the limit of reason)
Rationalism : All human knowledge can only be proved, and the empirical knowledge formed by external objects acting on human senses is unreal. For example, when you don’t wear glasses, the world you see is colorful. When you wear glasses, the world you see is all red, so what color is this world? You may say that the world is colorful, but human eyes are also equivalent to a pair of colored glasses. How do you know that the world you see is the real world?
Empiricism : All human knowledge comes from sensory experience, and the so-called scientific knowledge is actually the result of induction of sensory experience.
Transcendental things : things beyond the boundaries of experience, people's cognitive ability cannot have a fundamental and correct understanding of them, such as what death is all about, where is the beginning of the world