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http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_b7d2fcd50102vvsz.html
Pragmatism is a set of guiding ideology based on science, starting from reality, being result-oriented, and using various methods and tools flexibly to solve problems.
[The cornerstone of pragmatism is science]
The cornerstone of pragmatism is science, that is, what science denies, pragmatism absolutely denies; what science supports, pragmatism unconditionally supports. What science is noncommittal about, pragmatism selectively absorbs.
Pragmatism not only inherits scientific achievements, but also inherits scientific spirit and scientific method.
We are open, that is, we accept whatever convinces us.
[The goal of pragmatism is to solve specific problems]
Humans do everything to solve a problem, sometimes to meet their own needs, sometimes to meet the needs of others. Therefore, the goal of pragmatism is to solve specific problems as perfectly and efficiently as possible.
Pragmatism believes that the most fundamental ability of people is the ability to solve problems, that is, the ability to survive. Other abilities are born with and serve to solve problems.
The process of science is the process of discovering and solving problems.
Any trouble that does not constitute a problem is mediocre.
[The pragmatic perspective is instrumentalism]
The vast majority of the derivatives of society are tools. Live to serve humanity, die for not being able to serve humanity. Thinking about the value of things from a tool perspective is a distinctive feature of pragmatism.
E.g:
- Language is a tool of communication. Mathematics, physics, chemistry are tools of exploration. The fundamental of studying in school is to master these tools, so as to facilitate the creation of value in the future.
- Morality is a tool for regulating human behavior. There are also bad moral tools, such as ignorant customs and etiquette.
- Law is a tool to ensure the stable operation of society. There are also bad laws, such as the Sharia in Islamic countries.
- The government is the instrument chosen by the people to manage public affairs. It is not for the government to live, the government lives to serve people. The only value of government is to serve the people, and it has no value other than that.
- Money is a tool for the flow of resources. Tools are not original sin.
- Religion is a tool that has been created throughout history to serve humanity. Today is dying for not being able to provide quality service.
- Countries, nations, and families are all derivatives of human beings living in groups.
……
Tools serve people, people don't live for tools. The tool itself has no value, because it can provide services to human beings and generate value. The quality of tools is also determined by the services they provide to human beings. Those that can provide high-quality services to human beings are excellent tools, and those that cannot provide high-quality services are backward tools.
The characteristic of instrumental theory is to grasp the essence of things and not be disturbed by sidelines when analyzing problems. for example:
- Culture is also a tool used to guide people's thinking, behavior, and so on. When two cultures collide, people choose tools that are easier to use and more in line with their understanding of the world. So there is no such thing as cultural aggression, the replacement of bad tools by good tools is the result of natural selection. To claim that you have lost Chinese culture is not Chinese, or putting the cart before the horse. In real life, the Chinese are still Chinese using foreign tools, and culture is nothing more than a tool.
- Language is just a tool for communication. So there is still no value in wrapping empty ideas in rhetoric; there is still value in expressing solid content in vulgar language. Because the language is vulgar and ignoring the content is a blindfold, and focusing on the rhetoric rather than enhancing the connotation of the article is buying a piece of cake.
[The core of pragmatism is result orientation]
Matter is in motion, and motion is essentially the conversion and transfer of energy. Human activities are no exception, and human behavior is essentially the exchange and transfer of value. Results are the basic unit of these exchanges, and result orientation is precisely what ensures the smooth exchange and transfer of value.
Result orientation means that human behavior should be aimed at achieving the desired results, and the evaluation of value is based solely on the results. In action, whether it contributes to the achievement of the goal is the highest criterion for making decisions.
Any behavior that cannot directly or indirectly generate value is useless and will be submerged in the torrent of time.
Human activities are result-oriented, and thoughts that cannot produce results are useless thoughts. In other words, all thoughts that cannot guide practical actions are thoughts that do not need to be considered for the time being.
However, it is not because of result orientation that we give up procedural justice. Instead, we place equal importance on the meaning and control of the process in order to ensure that we get the results we want. Therefore, we also adhere to the rule of law, adhere to morality, adhere to education, and adhere to procedural justice, and oppose any behavior that violates the rules.
[The fundamental method of pragmatism is to start from reality]
The world is material, starting from reality means starting from the material itself, and exploring the unknown from the known objective laws and conditions in it. This is the only way for human exploration.
Starting from reality is the most important and universal one of all practical laws.
[The superiority of pragmatism lies in the liberation of productive forces]
Pragmatism pulls human beings out of the quagmire of ideas. It is pointed out that "all thoughts that cannot guide practical actions are thoughts that do not need to be considered for the time being."
Pragmatism also points out the direction for human actions, "Any action that cannot directly or indirectly generate value is useless and will be submerged in the torrent of time. ."