Detailed explanation of MySQL cluster construction (reproduced)

This article will build a minimal MySQL Cluster system. All commands in the configuration method are run as root account. This MySQL Cluster includes one management node, two data nodes, and two SQL nodes. These five nodes will be installed on five virtual machines respectively. The names and IPs of the virtual machines are as follows:
management node
mysql-mgm
192.168.124.141
data node   1
mysql-ndbd-1
192.168.124.142
data node   2
mysql-ndbd-2
192.168.124.143
SQL node 1  
mysql-sql-1
192.168.124.144
SQL node 2  
mysql-sql-2
192.168.124.145
  
    
1. Public configuration
Please configure the configuration items here on each of the three virtual machines.
 
1. Install the virtual machine
The virtual machine operating system installs the x86_64 version of CentOS 6.4, uses the NAT network, and also installs vmware-tools. The specific installation method is not described in detail here.
 
2. Copy mysql cluster
Download the following versions of MySQL-Cluster:
 
Copy the downloaded compressed package to the /root/Downloads directory of the virtual machine, and then run the following command in the shell:
cd /root/Downloads
tar -xvzf mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.4-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.4-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
 
3. Turn off the security policy
Close the iptables firewall (or open ports 1186 and 3306 of the firewall) and run the following command in the shell:
chkconfig --level 35 iptables off
 
To turn off SELinux, run the following command in the shell:
gedit /etc/selinux/config
 
Change the SELINUX item in the config file to disabled, and the content of the modified config file is as follows:

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
 
最后重启系统
 
二、配置管理结点(192.168.124.141)
1. 配置config.ini配置文件
在shell中运行以下命令:
mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster
cd /var/lib/mysql-cluster
gedit config.ini
 
 
配置文件config.ini内容如下:
[ndbd default]
NoOfReplicas=2
DataMemory=80M
IndexMemory=18M

[ndb_mgmd]
NodeId=1
hostname=192.168.124.141
datadir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster

[ndbd]
NodeId=2
hostname=192.168.124.142
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

[ndbd]
NodeId=3
hostname=192.168.124.143
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

[mysqld]
NodeId=4
hostname=192.168.124.144

[mysqld]
NodeId=5
hostname=192.168.124.145
 
2. 安装管理结点
安装管理节点,不需要mysqld二进制文件,只需要MySQL Cluster服务端程序(ndb_mgmd)和监听客户端程序(ndb_mgm)。在shell中运行以下命令:
cp /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgm* /usr/local/bin
cd /usr/local/bin
chmod +x ndb_mgm*
 
三、配置数据结点(192.168.124.142、192.168.124.143)
1. 添加mysql组和用户
在shell中运行以下命令:
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
 
2. 配置my.cnf配置文件
在shell中运行以下命令:
gedit /etc/my.cnf
 
配置文件my.cnf的内容如下:
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/sock/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[mysql_cluster]
ndb-connectstring=192.168.124.141
 
3. 创建系统数据库
在shell中运行以下命令:
cd /usr/local/mysql
mkdir sock
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
 
4. 设置数据目录
在shell中运行以下命令:
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/sock
chgrp -R mysql .
 
5. 配置MySQL服务
在shell中运行以下命令:
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server
chkconfig --add mysql.server
 
四、配置SQL结点(192.168.124.144、192.168.124.145)
1. 添加mysql组和用户
在shell中运行以下命令:
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
2. 配置my.cnf配置文件
在shell中运行以下命令:
gedit /etc/my.cnf
 
配置文件my.cnf的内容如下:
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/sock/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
ndbcluster
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/sock/mysql.sock
ndb-connectstring=192.168.124.141

[mysql_cluster]
ndb-connectstring=192.168.124.141
3. 创建系统数据库
在shell中运行以下命令:
cd /usr/local/mysql
mkdir sock
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
 
4. 设置数据目录
在shell中运行以下命令:
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/sock
chgrp -R mysql .
 
5. 配置MySQL服务
在shell中运行以下命令:
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server
chkconfig --add mysql.server
 
五、Cluster环境启动
注意启动顺序:首先是管理节点,然后是数据节点,最后是SQL节点。
 
1. 启动管理结点
在shell中运行以下命令:
ndb_mgmd -f /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini
 
还可以使用ndb_mgm来监听客户端,如下:
ndb_mgm
 
2. 启动数据结点
首次启动,则需要添加--initial参数,以便进行NDB节点的初始化工作。在以后的启动过程中,则是不能添加该参数的,否则ndbd程序会清除在之前建立的所有用于恢复的数据文件和日志文件。
/usr/local/mysql/bin/ndbd --initial
 
如果不是首次启动,则执行下面的命令。
/usr/local/mysql/bin/ndbd
 
3. 启动SQL结点
若MySQL服务没有运行,则在shell中运行以下命令:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
 
4. 启动测试
查看管理节点,启动成功:
 
 
六、集群测试
1. 测试一
现在我们在其中一个SQL结点上进行相关数据库的创建,然后到另外一个SQL结点上看看数据是否同步。
 
在SQL结点1(192.168.124.144)上执行:
shell> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
mysql>show databases;
mysql>create database aa;
mysql>use aa;
mysql>CREATE TABLE ctest2 (i INT) ENGINE=NDB; //这里必须指定数据库表的引擎为NDB,否则同步失败
mysql> INSERT INTO ctest2 () VALUES (1);
mysql> SELECT * FROM ctest2;
 
然后在SQL结点2上看数据是否同步过来了
 
经过测试,在非master上创建数据,可以同步到master上
查看表的引擎是不是NDB,>show create table 表名;
 
2. 测试二
关闭一个数据节点 ,在另外一个节点写输入,开启关闭的节点,看数据是否同步过来。
 
首先把数据结点1重启,然后在结点2上添加数据
在SQL结点2(192.168.124.145)上操作如下:
mysql> create database bb;
mysql> use bb;
mysql> CREATE TABLE ctest3 (i INT) ENGINE=NDB;
mysql> use aa;
mysql> INSERT INTO ctest2 () VALUES (3333);
mysql> SELECT * FROM ctest2;
 
等数据结点1启动完毕,启动数据结点1的服务
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/ndbd --initial#service mysqld start
 
 
然后登录进去查看数据
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p
 
 
可以看到数据已经同步过来了,说明数据可以双向同步了。
 
七、关闭集群
1. 关闭管理节点和数据节点,只需要在管理节点(ClusterMgm--134)里执行:
shell> /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgm -e shutdown
 
显示
Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186
2 NDB Cluster node(s) have shutdown.
Disconnecting to allow management server to shutdown.
 
2. 然后关闭Sql节点(135,136),分别在2个节点里运行:
shell> /etc/init.d/mysql.server stop
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
 
注意:要再次启动集群,就按照第五部分的启动步骤即可,不过这次启动数据节点的时候就不要加”-initial”参数了。

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