one. Join Syntax Overview
join is used for the connection between fields in multiple tables, the syntax is as follows:
... FROM table1 INNER|LEFT|RIGHT JOIN table2 ON conditionatable1: left table; table2: right table.
JOIN is roughly divided into the following three categories according to its function:
INNER JOIN (inner join, or equi-join): Get records that have a join matching relationship in the two tables.
LEFT JOIN (left join): Obtain the complete records of the left table (table1), that is, the right table (table2) has no corresponding matching records.
RIGHT JOIN (right join): Contrary to LEFT JOIN, the complete record of the right table (table2) is obtained, that is, the left table (table1) has no matching corresponding records.
Note: mysql does not support Full join , but you can combine LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN through the UNION keyword to simulate FULL join.
Next, a column is given to explain the following categories. The following two tables (A, B)
mysql> select A.id,A.name,B.name from A,B where A.id=B.id;
+----+-----------+-------------+
| id | name | name |
+----+-----------+-------------+
| 1 | Pirate | Rutabaga |
| 2 | Monkey | Pirate |
| 3 | Ninja | Darth Vader |
| 4 | Spaghetti | Ninja |
+----+-----------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)二.Inner join
Inner join, also known as equijoin, inner join produces a set of data that matches both A and B.
mysql> select * from A inner join B on A.name = B.name;
+----+--------+----+--------+
| id | name | id | name |
+----+--------+----+--------+
| 1 | Pirate | 2 | Pirate |
| 3 | Ninja | 4 | Ninja |
+----+--------+----+--------+ 
三.Left join
mysql> select * from A left join B on A.name = B.name;
#或者：select * from A left outer join B on A.name = B.name;
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| id | name | id | name |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
| 1 | Pirate | 2 | Pirate |
| 2 | Monkey | NULL | NULL |
| 3 | Ninja | 4 | Ninja |
| 4 | Spaghetti | NULL | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)Left join, (or left outer join: the two are equivalent in Mysql, it is recommended to use left join. ) Left join produces a complete set of records from the left table (A), and matching records (right table (B)). If there is no match, the right side will contain null.
If you want to generate only a set of records from the left table (A), but not the records of the right table (B), you can execute it by setting the where statement, as follows:
mysql> select * from A left join B on A.name=B.name where A.id is null or B.id is null;
+----+-----------+------+------+
| id | name | id | name |
+----+-----------+------+------+
| 2 | Monkey | NULL | NULL |
| 4 | Spaghetti | NULL | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 
In the same way, you can also simulate inner join. As follows:
mysql> select * from A left join B on A.name=B.name where A.id is not null and B.id is not null;
+----+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | id | name |
+----+--------+------+--------+
| 1 | Pirate | 2 | Pirate |
| 3 | Ninja | 4 | Ninja |
+----+--------+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)Find the difference:
According to the above example, the difference set can be calculated as follows:
SELECT * FROM A LEFT JOIN B ON A.name = B.name
WHERE B.id IS NULL
union
SELECT * FROM A right JOIN B ON A.name = B.name
WHERE A.id IS NULL;
# 结果
+------+-----------+------+-------------+
| id | name | id | name |
+------+-----------+------+-------------+
| 2 | Monkey | NULL | NULL |
| 4 | Spaghetti | NULL | NULL |
| NULL | NULL | 1 | Rutabaga |
| NULL | NULL | 3 | Darth Vader |
+------+-----------+------+-------------+ 
四.Right join
mysql> select * from A right join B on A.name = B.name;
+------+--------+----+-------------+
| id | name | id | name |
+------+--------+----+-------------+
| NULL | NULL | 1 | Rutabaga |
| 1 | Pirate | 2 | Pirate |
| NULL | NULL | 3 | Darth Vader |
| 3 | Ninja | 4 | Ninja |
+------+--------+----+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)同left join。
五.Cross join
cross join: cross join, the result is the product of the two tables, that is, the Cartesian product
笛卡尔（Descartes）乘积又叫直积。假设集合A={a,b}，集合B={0,1,2}，则两个集合的笛卡尔积为{(a,0),(a,1),(a,2),(b,0),(b,1), (b,2)}。可以扩展到多个集合的情况。类似的例子有，如果A表示某学校学生的集合，B表示该学校所有课程的集合，则A与B的笛卡尔积表示所有可能的选课情况。
mysql> select * from A cross join B;
+----+-----------+----+-------------+
| id | name | id | name |
+----+-----------+----+-------------+
| 1 | Pirate | 1 | Rutabaga |
| 2 | Monkey | 1 | Rutabaga |
| 3 | Ninja | 1 | Rutabaga |
| 4 | Spaghetti | 1 | Rutabaga |
| 1 | Pirate | 2 | Pirate |
| 2 | Monkey | 2 | Pirate |
| 3 | Ninja | 2 | Pirate |
| 4 | Spaghetti | 2 | Pirate |
| 1 | Pirate | 3 | Darth Vader |
| 2 | Monkey | 3 | Darth Vader |
| 3 | Ninja | 3 | Darth Vader |
| 4 | Spaghetti | 3 | Darth Vader |
| 1 | Pirate | 4 | Ninja |
| 2 | Monkey | 4 | Ninja |
| 3 | Ninja | 4 | Ninja |
| 4 | Spaghetti | 4 | Ninja |
+----+-----------+----+-------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#再执行：mysql> select * from A inner join B; 试一试
#在执行mysql> select * from A cross join B on A.name = B.name; 试一试 实际上，在 MySQL 中（仅限于 MySQL） CROSS JOIN 与 INNER JOIN 的表现是一样的，在不指定 ON 条件得到的结果都是笛卡尔积，反之取得两个表完全匹配的结果。
INNER JOIN 与 CROSS JOIN 可以省略 INNER 或 CROSS 关键字，因此下面的 SQL 效果是一样的：
... FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2
... FROM table1 CROSS JOIN table2
... FROM table1 JOIN table2六.Full join
mysql> select * from A left join B on B.name = A.name
-> union
-> select * from A right join B on B.name = A.name;
+------+-----------+------+-------------+
| id | name | id | name |
+------+-----------+------+-------------+
| 1 | Pirate | 2 | Pirate |
| 2 | Monkey | NULL | NULL |
| 3 | Ninja | 4 | Ninja |
| 4 | Spaghetti | NULL | NULL |
| NULL | NULL | 1 | Rutabaga |
| NULL | NULL | 3 | Darth Vader |
+------+-----------+------+-------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)全连接产生的所有记录（双方匹配记录）在表A和表B。如果没有匹配,则对面将包含null。
