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What is functional testing
Functional testing, also called behavioral testing, also has a saying called black box testing, that is, the tester has absolutely no idea how the internals of the program work
Functional testing is the largest and most important part of all testing work
Mainly, requirement analysts write functional use cases according to user requirements, and then test engineers write test cases, and test and verify them one by one to ensure that the execution results are consistent with the expected results
Why you need functional testing
1. From the user's point of view, ensure that the implementation of the system is consistent with the requirements
2. Since it is a black-box test, the tester does not know the internal implementation of the application at all, and can find the problems that the developer did not find and find out the omissions
3. Some exceptional problems can be tested, such as random operation, not operating according to the established process, and checking out the vulnerabilities of the application
From the above points, we can conclude: functional testing = check the implementation of requirements + find out the omissions of functional implementation + check whether there are loopholes in the application
How to perform functional testing
Six steps of functional testing
1. The requirements analyst writes the performance expectations of the function according to the requirements
2. The test engineer writes the test case according to the execution expectation given by the requirement analyst
3. The test engineer prepares the required data according to the execution expectations given by the requirements analyst, including the data required for the test, and the data of the expected results
4. Test engineers perform test case operations according to their own test cases
5. The test engineer compares the actual result with the expected result and gives a report
6. The requirements analyst judges whether the application meets the user's needs according to the report given by the test engineer
Two methods of functional testing
1. Manual testing: Test engineers perform manual operations according to test cases, which is flexible and takes less time. However, if the same function needs to be tested multiple times, it will lead to increased time consumption and poor accuracy, which may be repeated multiple times. The consistency of the test results is low; suitable for some functions that only need to be tested once or twice, or some small functions, or test cases of simple operations
2. Automated testing: automated test cases are written by test engineers, and manual testing is replaced by computer, which reduces flexibility. However, for functions that require multiple tests, it can greatly improve the efficiency of testing and reduce repetitive operations. It can ensure the consistency of multiple tests; it is suitable for some test cases that need to be repeated for many times, with complex test cases and complicated operations.
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