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I went to a devops summit some time ago. Most of the participants were practitioners of Internet companies, and most of the lecturers were technical experts of Internet companies. The topics were all active projects in the open source community at this stage. I don’t remember the specific content. Many, for me personally, my biggest impression or gain after participating in this summit is that I see that the current IT technology development trend towards containerization has been confirmed.
The whole life cycle management of the production platform is a difficult problem for every IT construction and maintenance personnel. Let's imagine a scenario:
An IT Internet company operates an Internet product with complex business logic, business programs, database and interface programs, etc. In the initial stage, it needs to build basic IT hardware facilities to provide operating systems, networks, and storage. In order to speed up the pace of construction, you can directly use public Cloud, and then deploy your own applications and database gateway interfaces on the private cloud or public cloud, and then start to provide services to the outside world. Then with the expansion of the business, the business began to expand in two dimensions, one is the expansion of business functions, and the other is the expansion of business volume. The two dimensions are happening simultaneously. At this time, the operation and maintenance personnel are facing severe challenges. Parallel expansion of corresponding functional nodes, such as web service and database server upgrades, testing of new functions and safe and smooth upgrade of new business system versions.
Nowadays, most enterprises will spend a lot of time and energy to manage the two tasks in the above scenarios. Every change needs to be planned in advance and an implementation plan should be developed, and cutover, upgrade or expansion should be done at the right time. Cloud computing has emerged in the field of infrastructure, which solves the problems of rapid delivery and flexible management of basic computing resources, storage resources, network resources, and revolutionary solutions in business management. That is, container orchestration technology, specific products There are open source versions represented by kubernetes (K8S), and various commercial versions represented by Red Hat Openshift. With these two solutions, there is a good solution for the scenario mentioned above. To refine it, if from an open source perspective, it is:
Openstack + Kubernetes （K8S）！
Openstack has actually started to embrace container technology in the past two years. Kolla, one of the most active sub-projects, deploys and manages Openstack components through docker, that is, Openstack itself is containerized. For details, please refer to Another article " Kolla deployment guide for openstack (containerization) ". K8S is a container orchestration technology used for application system management in production environments . The official definition of K8S is:
Kubernetes is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
Kubernetes is an open source system for automating the deployment, scaling and management of containerized applications.
Kubernetes has been responsible for Google's production applications for 15 years, giving Google the ability to adjust the increase and decrease of 1 billion containers in a week without increasing the operation and maintenance team; no matter how complex your application is, it can be calmly Coping, automatic adjustment; it can run in private cloud, hybrid cloud, public cloud, original hardware platform environment, no environment dependency. It mainly has the following characteristics:
Automatically manage containers
Automatically place containers based on resource requirements and other constraints without sacrificing availability. Mix critical and best-effort workloads to improve utilization and save more resources.
self-healing
Restart failed containers, replace and reschedule containers when nodes die, kill containers that don't respond to user-defined health checks, and don't advertise them to clients until they're ready to serve.
Horizontal zoom
With one simple command, use the UI or automatically scale your app up and down based on CPU usage.
Service Discovery and Load Balancing
Unfamiliar service discovery mechanisms can be used without modifying the application. Kubernetes provides containers with their own IP addresses and a single DNS name for a set of containers, and can load balance among them.
Automatic release and rollback
Kubernetes rolls out changes to an application or its configuration incrementally, while monitoring application health to ensure it doesn't terminate all instances at the same time. If something goes wrong, Kubernetes rolls back the changes for you. Take advantage of a growing ecosystem of deployment solutions.
Password and Configuration Management
Deploy and update passwords and application configurations without rebuilding images or exposing secrets in your stack configuration.
Storage Orchestration
Automatically mount the storage system of your choice, whether from local storage, a public cloud provider such as GCP or AWS, or a network storage system such as NFS, iSCSI, Gluster, Ceph, Cinder or Flocker.
batch execution
In addition to serving, Kubernetes can manage your batch and CI workloads and replace failed containers as needed.
So it can be said that if you want to talk about the construction and operation and maintenance of the production environment, you can't help but focus on Kubernetes, because this is a trend.