mysql backup method

Cold standby:  you need to stop the currently running mysqld, and then copy or package the data files directly

cd / data  

tar cjvf /tmp/mysql_bak.tar.bz2 ./

Hot standby (logical backup):  mysqld must be running, there is no need to stop the mysql service, but the table needs to be locked): logical backup = table structure + data (insert)

# mysqldump -uroot -p456 test t1 t2> /tmp/t1.sql -- backup single or multiple tables 
# mysql -uroot -p123 test < /var/tmp/test_t1.sql restore the t1 and t2 tables of the test library

# mysqldump -uroot -p456 --databases test test1 test2 > /tmp/test.sql --backup multiple databases    

# mysqldump -uroot -p456 --all-databases > /tmp/all.sql --backup all databases

reduction:  
Restore a table:  
mysql> use test;
mysql> drop table t1;
# mysql -uroot -p456 test < /tmp/t1.sql 
# mysql -uroot -p456 -e "use test; show tables;" 
  
+----------------+  
| Tables_in_test |  
+----------------+  
| imptest |  
| t1 |  
+----------------+  

Restore a library:  
mysql> drop database test;
    
# mysql -uroot -p456  -e "create database test;"
# mysql -uroot -p456 test < /tmp/test.sql 
# mysql -uroot -p456 -e "show databases;"
  
+--------------------+  
| Database |  
+--------------------+  
| information_schema |  
| mysql |  
| test |  
  
## +--------------------+

Warm up at 4 a.m. every day

0 4 * * * /usr/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p -B -F -R -x --master-data=2 wiki|gzip >/opt/backup/wiki_$(date +%F).sql.gz
Parameter Description:
- B: Specify the database
 - F: Refresh the log
 - R: Backup stored procedures, etc.
 - x: Lock table
 --master-data: Add the CHANGE MASTER statement and the binlog file and location point information to the backup statement

 

Incremental backup:  binlog -- records the operation records of mysql server additions, deletions and changes. mysqlbinlog --start-datetime=name start time --stop-datetime=name end time --start-position=# start position (POS ) --stop-position=# end position

For convenience, log cutting can be done on the blog

View binlog log

mysql> show binlog events [IN 'log_name'] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count];
Parameter explanation:
IN ' log_name ' : specify the name of the binlog file to be queried (if not specified, it is the first binlog file)
FROM pos: Specify which pos starting point to start from (if you don't specify it, it starts from the first pos point of the entire file)
LIMIT [offset,] : offset (0 if not specified)
row_count : The total number of queries (all rows if not specified)
mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |       695 |
| mysql-bin.000002 |       106 |
+------------------+-----------+

mysql>  show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001'\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 4
 Event_type: Format_desc
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 106
       Info: Server ver: 5.1.73-log, Binlog ver: 4
*************************** 2. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 106
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 244
       Info: SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost'='*22DF0FE262826C66C3A1E8BC8DC2AF2259B42F46'
*************************** 3. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 244
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 359
       Info: CREATE USER 'slave'@'172.16.147.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'slave'
*************************** 4. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 359
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 510
       Info: GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'172.16.147.%'
*************************** 5. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 510
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 585
       Info: flush privileges
*************************** 6. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 585
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 695
       Info: create database arrow charset utf8
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Recovery with binlog log

mysql> flush logs; #Generate a new binlog log
  
# mysqlbinlog --start-position=190 --stop-position=833 mysqld.000001|mysql -uroot -p147258369  
  
# mysqlbinlog --start-position=1554 --stop-datetime="2011-09-02 11:48:10" mysqld.000001 | mysql -uroot -p147258369 

# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --stop-position=391 --database=wiki /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p'147258369' -v wiki
  
## 106-280