If you encounter such a problem, you need to know a directory ( /etc/skel/ directory) related to user creation . All files (including hidden files) in this directory will be copied to the home directory of the newly added user.
What exactly is the /etc/skel/ directory doing?
This directory is used to store the new user environment variable file. When adding a new user, copy the directory learning file to the new user's home directory. By default, all files in this directory are hidden; by modifying, adding and deleting files in this directory, a unified, standard and initialized user environment can be provided for newly added users.
Display all files in /etc/skel/ directory
[root@c69-01 ~]# ls -al /etc/skel/ total 20 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 21:33 . drwxr-xr-x. 80 root root 4096 Feb 18 09:17 .. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Mar 23 2017 .bash_logout -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Mar 23 2017 .bash_profile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 Mar 23 2017 .bashrc
Add a new user, reflecting the role of the directory /etc/skel/:
As mentioned above , all files in the /etc/skel/ directory will be copied to the new user's home directory. Then we create a README file under /etc/skel/ . After creating a new user, is the new user's home directory? the existence of the file
1) Create the file README with superuser root
[root@c69-01 ~]# vim /etc/skel/README [root@c69-01 ~]# cat /etc/skel/README WELCOME Please read the contents of this document carefully! ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ [root@c69-01 ~]# ls -al /etc/skel/ total 24 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 18 09:34 . drwxr-xr-x. 80 root root 4096 Feb 18 09:17 .. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Mar 23 2017 .bash_logout -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Mar 23 2017 .bash_profile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 Mar 23 2017 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 179 Feb 18 09:34 README2) Create a new user user01 with superuser
[root@c69-01 ~]# id user01 id: user01: No such user [root@c69-01 ~]# useradd user01 [root@c69-01 ~]# id user01 uid=1010(user01) gid=1010(user01) groups=1010(user01) [root@c69-01 ~]# ls -al /home/user01/ total 24 drwx------ 2 user01 user01 4096 Feb 18 09:36 . drwxr-xr-x. 15 root root 4096 Feb 18 09:36 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 18 Mar 23 2017 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 176 Mar 23 2017 .bash_profile -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 124 Mar 23 2017 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 179 Feb 18 09:34 READMEYou can see that there is a README file in the new user's home directory
[root@c69-01 ~]# cat /home/user01/README WELCOME Please read the contents of this document carefully! ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................The content of the file is the same as that of the /etc/skel/README file
-bash-4.1$ Problem reproduces:
1) Switch to the normal user, delete all .bash* files in the home directory, log out and log in again, you can see the desired command line prompt
[root@c69-01 ~]# su - user01 [user01@c69-01 ~]$ ls -al total 24 drwx------ 2 user01 user01 4096 Feb 18 09:36 . drwxr-xr-x. 15 root root 4096 Feb 18 09:36 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 18 Mar 23 2017 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 176 Mar 23 2017 .bash_profile -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 124 Mar 23 2017 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 179 Feb 18 09:34 README [user01@c69-01 ~]$ \rm .bash* [user01@c69-01 ~]$ logout [root@c69-01 ~]# su - user01 -bash-4.1$As mentioned above, this directory is used to store new user environment variable files. If these files are deleted, problems will arise, so how to solve them?
-bash-4.1$ Problem solved:
1) Use the ordinary user user01, copy the .bash* files in the directory /etc/skel/ to the ordinary user's home directory, log out and log in again to solve the problem.
-bash-4.1$ cp /etc/skel/.bash* . -bash-4.1$ ls -al total 28 drwx------ 2 user01 user01 4096 Feb 18 09:45 . drwxr-xr-x. 15 root root 4096 Feb 18 09:36 .. -rw------- 1 user01 user01 18 Feb 18 09:42 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 18 Feb 18 09:45 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 176 Feb 18 09:45 .bash_profile -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 124 Feb 18 09:45 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 179 Feb 18 09:34 README -bash-4.1$ logout [root@c69-01 ~]# su - user01
Summarize:
Through this question, you should understand the process of user creation and understand the role of the directory /etc/skel/
Note: The system I use is : CentOS release 6.9 (Final)