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Recently, there has been an opinion circulating that some well-known open source software may be closed source. The reason is that the United States sanctioned a communication manufacturer, and the sanctions included chips and Android systems. Because the Android system is open source, it has caused a kind of argument, "Open source OpenStack, Kubernetes, Hadoop and other software were initiated by Americans, and the US government can close the source at any time as long as it wants!"
The author believes that this view is incorrect. On the contrary, only by actively embracing open source can we have the right to speak and be conducive to the realization of self-control!
This question needs to be considered at several levels:
1. The sanctioned is the Android system, not the Android source code
Android was originally developed and produced by Andy Rubin and others, and was acquired by Google on July 11, 2005. Subsequently, Google released the source code for Android under the license of the Apache Free Open Source License.
The Android system is actually divided into three parts:
The kernel is actually tailored and developed on the Linux kernel, because the Linux kernel uses the GPL open source protocol. GPL is a contagious open source protocol, that is, any modification to the Linux kernel must also be open source, which is why Linux distributions must The reason for open source.
For Android, Google releases the Android source code under the Apache License.
Google's Android apps, such as Google Play Store, Gmail, Maps, etc., are partially closed source.
The native version released by Google contains the above three parts. The sanctioned ones are actually Google's Android framework and applications. If the Android kernel and system source code are taken, and the Google framework and Google's software are removed, they can theoretically be used.
Amazon's Kindle system is a good example. The Kindle system is Amazon's deeply customized Android system and does not rely on Google's Android distribution at all.
In addition, to insert a sentence, about various open source protocols, there is a picture on Ruan Yifeng's blog, which is very vivid, you can refer to the following:
2. Open source is the general trend
The use of open source software is the general trend. According to the data in the "Open Source Governance White Paper" of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology:
The open source software market is widely used. According to a Gartner survey, 99% of organizations use open source software in their IT systems, and open source software is widely used in server operating systems, cloud computing, and the Web.
The market size of open source software ranks first in server operating systems. 90% of workloads running on global public clouds are Linux operating systems.
Open source software is widely used in cloud computing. According to the 2017 OpenStack User Survey: In 2017, OpenStack was deployed nearly 1,000 times worldwide.
After the release of Docker in 2013, the technology has been on the rise. By the end of 2014, there were 100 million container image downloads; by early 2017, that number was over 8 billion.
Open source software holds a major market share in the web space. According to Netcraft's "WebServer Survey", the survey found that Nginx's market share increased to 21.4%, an increase of 3.84% over the previous year, making it the third largest server manufacturer in the Web-oriented computer market.
Open source software has huge advantages in security, agility, and talent. Even Microsoft, which used to sneer at open source, has made a 180-degree turn and actively embraces open source.
3. The operation model of OpenStack, kubernetes and Hadoop is the foundation model, and it is difficult for the US government to interfere
The mainstream open source software projects use the foundation model. OpenStack has its own foundation, kubernetes belongs to the CNCF foundation, Hadoop belongs to the Apache foundation, and the Apache foundation hosts many well-known open source projects. The most well-known open source foundation should be the Linux Foundation. These open source foundations all adopt a similar operating model, taking the Linux Foundation as an example.
The following data is quoted from Wikipedia.
The Linux Foundation (LF), is a non-profit technology trade association dedicated to promoting, protecting, and advancing Linux and collaborative development. It started as the Open Source Development Lab (OSDL) in 2000 and merged with the Free Standards Group (FSG) to become what it is today. The Linux Foundation sponsors the work of Linux founder Linus Torvalds and lead maintainer Greg Kroah-Hartman, and is supported by leading Linux and open source companies, as well as developers from around the world.
As of January 2017, the Linux Foundation has more than 260 corporate members:
Platinum members (12) donate $500,000 per member each year, including (in alphabetical order): AT&T[12], Cisco Systems, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Huawei, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Nippon Electric, Oracle Corporation , Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics
Gold members (19) donate $100,000 per member per year
Silver members (244) donate $5,000-20,000 per member per year (increasing by number of employees)
Foundation board members are elected by corporate members (higher paying members elect more directors). The operation of the open source foundation is similar to that of the United Nations. Any resolution requires a vote of the board of directors, which is the result of a game. As long as the operation of the foundation is not illegal, the US government cannot interfere.
It can be seen from the above data that the open source community is the spontaneous innovation behavior of global developers. Open source projects (such as Linux projects) and open source-based commercial products (such as Red Hat's enterprise RHEL products) are two different things. The former is not subject to commercial Due to the influence of disputes and political actions, there is no so-called "closed source" risk. Even if open source projects are commercialized, relevant open source protocols must be followed (Red Hat's RHEL is also open source), and Sino-US commercial disputes and open source closures must be avoided. Putting the sources together is misleading, a lack of understanding of how open source protocols and open source organizations work.
At the legal level, users' right to use commercial software products that have sold licenses and services is protected by law. Intellectual property is also protected by law.
4. To increase your voice in open source organizations, the solution is to actively participate
To increase the right to speak in open source organizations, the solution is to actively participate. The best domestic company is Huawei. The author checked the relevant information. Huawei is a senior member of several open source foundations.
Senior members have the ability to further participate in the decision-making of the open source foundation. For example, on April 17, U.S. time, the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (Cloud Native Computing Foundation, hereinafter referred to as CNCF), the world's top open source community, officially announced the foundation's technical supervision committee ( Technical Oversight Committee (hereinafter referred to as TOC) seat re-election results, Huawei and Google entered the TOC. This is the first time for Huawei, and the first company in Asia, to be granted a seat on the CNCF TOC.
TOC determines the technological direction of the CNCF community. At the CNCF foundation level, TOC defines and maintains the technical vision of the cloud native field, and conducts life cycle management for all projects under CNCF, such as project creation, graduation, cooperation, termination, etc., and accepts user committees. Requirements and suggestions are carried and implemented by each of its project teams, based on code standardization and common interfaces and practices. In this way, CNCF TOC gives each project large-scale technical guidance from the perspective of the overall technology stack at the foundation level, and each project makes bottom-up technical decisions according to its actual situation.
In addition, in terms of code contribution to open source projects, Huawei is also the undisputed number one in China. According to the "2017 Linux Developer Report", Huawei's code contribution ranks 15th, and it is the only Chinese company in the top 20.
In addition, Huawei has also participated in many open source organizations, is a founding member of some open source organizations, and contributed a lot of code.
Huawei's investment in HiSilicon chips fully demonstrates Huawei's foresight. Huawei's investment in open source projects, regardless of cost, has continued to see results. Huawei has a strong voice in participating open source organizations.
5. It is a good model to use open source software as your own commercial distribution
Many companies have made their own commercial products based on open source projects. On the basis of open source, they have made improvements and productization based on engineering requirements and operational requirements. The most well-known is Red Hat. By releasing Linux commercial products, on the one hand, it serves the needs of users, and on the other hand, it becomes a heavy Linux code contributor. It can be said that the Linux project will be much inferior if it leaves Red Hat.
So why does Huawei invest so much in open source projects? I think the answer is Huawei Cloud. The cloud infrastructure 1.0 of the Internet business is mainly based on resource-based services such as computing, storage, and network. Driven by the new Internet business, the cloud infrastructure of the Internet business has entered the era of 2.0, and cloud computing service providers have begun to widely provide containers, AI, large-scale Capability services such as data and DevOps are transformed from resource services to capability services.
In the era of Internet cloud infrastructure 2.0, cloud services are mostly built on multiple open source projects, especially containers. Containers are the best choice to improve the efficient migration and deployment of enterprises, rapid iterative development and automatic operation and maintenance after the application is on the cloud. The recognized container project is Kubernetes, and Huawei is ahead of other vendors in Kubernetes innovation. In fact, Huawei and Kubernetes have a deep relationship. As early as when Kubernetes was first open source, Huawei joined it as a founding member of the community and a platinum member. Currently, Huawei has 1 SteeringCommittee seat and 5 Maintainer seats. Therefore, in the era of Internet cloud infrastructure 2.0, when enterprises and governments are transforming to the cloud, HUAWEI CLOUD has a very strong advantage.
Large and medium-sized enterprise customers are facing demands for digital transformation. Huawei has been serving global enterprises for the past 30 years. HUAWEI CLOUD providing a hybrid cloud solution including public cloud may be the best choice for today's enterprises. At the same time, HUAWEI CLOUD has a very strong online and offline service team in the world, so in the era of Internet cloud infrastructure 2.0, when enterprises and governments are transforming to the cloud, HUAWEI CLOUD has a very strong advantage.
It can be seen that in terms of investment in open source, Huawei has once again demonstrated its foresight and overall view. Through investment and layout in open source projects, Huawei will build advantages in infrastructure software and inject its own ideas, so as to better serve its own cloud services , will have the initiative, derived from open source, higher than open source.
Summarize
The use of open source software is the general trend. Software such as OpenStack, Kubernetes, and Hadoop will not only not be closed source, but will continue to follow the current direction firmly. Only like Huawei, who actively embrace open source and deeply understand open source, can open source be realized. To serve China better, and to achieve true autonomy and control on the basis of open source.
It is precisely because of the inherent mechanism of open source projects that commercial products based on open source are safe and guaranteed for development. The risk that the United States proposes a "ban on sale" of high-tech products to China is precisely the necessity of the country's vigorous promotion and mandatory requirement to increase the localization rate of IT infrastructure in the past few years. This work is urgent, and the localization of IT products is urgent! ! The idea of originating from open source and higher than open source is the driving force for localization.
Source: Cloud Technology Practice