Through study and practice, the author has a certain understanding of some preliminary work of construction projects. Now I will talk about the functions and differences of "project proposal", "feasibility study", "project evaluation" and "post-project evaluation".
1. The main concept of the project proposal is well known, the project proposal is the
The first step in the preliminary work of a construction project, it is the outline vision of the proposed project. It is mainly to objectively inspect the necessity of project construction to see whether it meets the guidelines and requirements of the national long-term planning, and at the same time initially analyze whether the construction project conditions are met, and whether it is worth investing in manpower and material resources for further in-depth research. In general, project proposals are qualitative in nature.
The role of project proposals
The role of the project proposal can be summarized as follows:
1. Project proposals are the basis for the state to select projects. The state's selection and preliminary determination of projects, especially large and medium-sized projects, is carried out by examining and approving project proposals. The approval process of project proposals is actually a process in which the state compares, selects, and balances many newly proposed projects. After the project proposal is approved, the project can be included in the national long-term plan.
2. The approved project proposal is the basis for the preparation of the feasibility study report and the establishment of the proposed project.
3. For projects involving the utilization of foreign capital, work can only be carried out externally after the project proposal is approved.
Therefore, the preparation of the project proposal should not only discuss comprehensively, but also highlight the key points. Generally, it should focus on the necessity of the project proposal, the possibility of construction conditions, and the possibility of profit. The conclusion should be clear and objective. Do focus, clear layers, avoid complexity.
3. Main Concepts of Feasibility Study
Feasibility study is a decisive work before determining a construction project, and it is a scientific method to conduct a comprehensive technical and economic analysis and demonstration of the proposed project before investment decision-making. Conduct research on nature, society, economy, technology, etc., analyze the comparison, and predict the social and economic benefits after completion. On this basis, comprehensively demonstrate the necessity of project construction, financial profitability, economic rationality, technological advancement and adaptability, and the possibility and feasibility of construction conditions, thereby providing a scientific basis for investment decisions.
Fourth, the role of the feasibility study report
Feasibility study is an important part of the pre-investment work. On the one hand, it fully studies the construction conditions and puts forward the possibility of construction. On the other hand, carry out economic analysis and evaluation, and propose the rationality of construction. It is not only the starting point of project work, but also the basis for a series of subsequent work. Its functions can be summarized as follows:
1. As the basis for construction project demonstration, review and decision-making.
2. As the basis for compiling the design task book and preliminary design.
3. As an important basis for raising funds and applying for loans from banks.
4. As the basis for signing cooperation, collaboration contracts or agreements with the departments concerned with the project.
5. As the basis for introducing technology, importing equipment and foreign negotiation.
6. As the basis for the environmental department to review the project's impact on the environment.
V. The main difference between a feasibility study and a project proposal
1. Research tasks are different. The project proposal is the preliminary selection of the project, which decides whether to carry out the next step, and mainly examines the necessity and feasibility of the proposal; the feasibility study requires a comprehensive and in-depth technical and economic analysis and demonstration, compares multiple schemes, and recommends the best scheme. , or deny the project and provide sufficient reasons to provide a reliable basis for the final decision.
2. The basic information is different. The project proposal is based on the country's long-term planning and industry, regional planning and industrial policies, the relevant natural resource conditions and production layout of the proposed project, and the relevant approval documents from the project competent department. In addition to using the approved project proposal as the research basis, the feasibility study also needs to use the detailed design information and other data as the basis for the preparation.
3. The content varies in complexity and depth. The basic content of the two stages is generally similar, but the project proposal cannot and does not require to be very detailed. The content is relatively simple and qualitative, and the feasibility study report is being enriched and supplemented on this basis to make it more Complete, with more quantitative arguments.
4. Investment estimates have different precision requirements. The investment estimate of the project proposal is generally calculated or compared with similar existing projects at home and abroad, and the error is allowed to be controlled at the upper 20%. The feasibility study must carry out a more detailed and accurate calculation of the various costs required by the project, and the error requirements Should not exceed +10%.
6. Brief Concept of Project Evaluation
Consultation and evaluation of construction projects is through the evaluation of the feasibility study report of the project, from the perspective of combining objective economy and micro-economy, to select and propose more optimized plans or measures from different construction plans for the competent authorities to make decisions and make project investment. The best results, or the greatest economic and social benefits with the least investment.
7. The role of project evaluation
Through project evaluation, we can promote the preliminary work of construction projects, promote the scientific and democratization of project decision-making, and promote the strengthening of investment management and the improvement of investment benefits. The role of the project can be summarized in the following aspects:
1. Optimize the construction plan and improve the feasibility study of the project.
2. Seek truth from facts to check investment and implement fund raising methods and channels.
3. Promote scientific project decision-making, avoid duplication of construction and blind construction.
4. Conducive to objective economic regulation and implementation of economic development plans.
5. It helps to unify understanding, coordinate actions, and create conditions for project implementation.
8. The main difference between project evaluation and feasibility study
1. The stand is different. Feasibility studies are generally considered from the perspective of capital use, and project evaluations are generally considered from the perspective of banks and national investment.
2. The focus is different. The feasibility study focuses on the demonstration of the technical and economic aspects of the project. Project evaluation focuses on the review and evaluation of the quality and reliability of the feasibility study.
3. The effect is different. Feasibility study is mainly used as the basis for project decision-making, more precisely, it provides basis and data for project evaluation. Project evaluation not only serves for project decision-making, but also serves as the basis for banks to participate in decision-making and decide whether to lend or not. At the same time, the two cannot replace each other.
4. Units are different. The feasibility study report is prepared by a qualified design or consulting agency, and the project evaluation is carried out by the government department (planning commission, economic commission, etc.), project management department, loan bank and other authorized agencies, or authorized by the above-mentioned departments. specialized evaluation agencies.
9. Intrinsic relationship between project evaluation and feasibility study report Project evaluation and feasibility study are closely related. The theoretical basis, basic content and requirements of the two are consistent. At the same time, there is a causal relationship between the two, and no project is feasible. There will be no project evaluation without the project evaluation, and the project feasibility study will not be established finally.
X. Main concepts of post-project evaluation
Post-project evaluation refers to a systematic and objective analysis of the purpose, execution process, benefit, role and impact of the completed project (or plan); through the inspection and summary of the project activity practice, it is determined whether the expected project objectives have been achieved, Whether the main benefit indicators of the project are realized, through analysis and evaluation, the purpose of affirming achievements, summarizing experience, drawing lessons, making suggestions, improving work, and continuously improving the level of project decision-making and investment effect.
11. The role of post-evaluation
Post-evaluation is after the project investment is completed, through the project purpose, implementation process, effective lessons, put forward suggestions, improve the work, and continuously improve the project decision-making level and the purpose of investment effect.
11. The role of post-evaluation
Post-evaluation is after the project investment is completed, through a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the project purpose, implementation process, benefits, functions and impacts, summarizing the positive and negative experience and lessons, so that the decision-makers and builders of the project can learn more. Scientific and rational methods and strategies to improve the level of decision-making, management and construction. Post-evaluation is an important means to enhance the responsibility of investment workers. The post-evaluation mainly serves for investment decision-making, that is, through the feedback of the post-evaluation suggestions, to improve and adjust the relevant policies.
Policy and management procedures, improve the ability and level of decision makers, and then achieve the purpose of improving and improving investment efficiency. In short, post-evaluation should draw lessons from investment and development project practice, and then apply it to future development practice.
12. The main differences between post-project evaluation and pre-project evaluation:
There is not much difference in the evaluation principles and methods between the post-project evaluation and the evaluation in the preparatory stage of the project. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used. However, there are some differences as the two are evaluated at different points in time and their purposes are not exactly the same. The purpose of the pre-assessment is to determine whether the project can be approved. It is the starting point of the project, mainly using forecasting techniques to analyze and evaluate the future benefits of the project to determine whether the project investment is worthwhile and feasible. The post-evaluation is to summarize the preparation, implementation, completion and operation of the project after the completion of the project, and to conduct a new analysis and evaluation of the future of the project through forecasting. Therefore, the post-evaluation is based on the time point when the project is completed. On the one hand, it inspects and summarizes the project implementation process, finds out the problems, and analyzes the reasons; The important criterion for pre-assessment is the profit rate or benchmark rate of return required by investors, while the evaluation standard of post-assessment focuses on the conclusion of pre-assessment, and mainly adopts the method of comparison, which is the main difference between post-assessment and pre-assessment.