TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is translated as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, also known as Network Communication Protocol.
TCP/IP is the communication protocol of the Internet, a large collection of different communication protocols that defines the standard for how electronic devices (such as computers) connect to the Internet and how data is transferred between them.
Inside TCP/IP
TCP/IP contains a series of protocols for handling data communication:
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - communication between applications
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - simple communication between applications
- IP (Internet Protocol, Internet Protocol) - communication between computers
- ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) - for errors and status
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - for dynamic addressing
IP is a connectionless communication protocol used for communication between computers.
It does not take up the communication line between the two communicating computers, thus reducing the need for network lines. Each line can simultaneously satisfy the communication needs between many different computers. With IP, messages (or other data) are split into small individual packets (referred to as IP packets) and sent between computers over the Internet.
An IP packet is sent from a computer and is routed to its destination through one or more IP routers . Different IP packets in the same communication may take different paths, and IP routers are responsible for correct addressing based on communication, errors in the network, or other parameters.
IP address
TCP/IP uses 4 numbers to address computers. Each computer must have a unique 4-digit address. The numbers are between 0 and 255, separated by periods, like this: 192.168.1.60.
TCP/IP uses 32 bits for addressing. A computer byte is 8 bits. So TCP/IP uses 4 bytes, and a computer byte can contain a total of 256 different values from 0 to 255.
TCP uses fixed connections for communication between applications.
When an application wants to communicate with another application over TCP, it sends a communication request. This request must be sent to an exact address. After the two sides "handshake", TCP will establish a full-duplex (full-duplex) communication between the two applications.
This full-duplex communication will occupy the communication line between the two computers until it is closed by one or both parties.
UDP is similar to TCP, but simpler and less reliable than TCP.
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The names used for TCP/IP addresses are called domain names. www.cnblogs.com is a domain name.
Domain names are 12 Arabic numerals that are hard to remember, but easier to remember with a single name.
When you type in a domain name like www.cnblogs.com , the domain name is translated into the number 101.37.113.127 by a DNS (Domain Name System) program . No matter you enter "www.cnblogs.com" or "101.37.113.127" in the URL, you can visit the blog garden homepage.
All over the world, a huge number of DNS servers are connected to the Internet. DNS servers are responsible for translating domain names into TCP/IP addresses and for updating each other's systems with the new domain name information. When a new domain name is registered with its TCP/IP address, DNS servers around the world update this information.
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