Linux Jiuyin Mantra: Heartbreaking Palm Fragment 11 (rpm and yum package management)

 

1. rpm package manager

rpm is a powerful package management tool that can be used to build, install, query, verify, update and uninstall packages.

usage:

　　rpm [OPTION...]

    Example rpm -ivh + package name

Configuration file:

/var/lib/rpm/ Metadata of installed rpm packages

Options:

• -i: install
  • --test: test installation
  • --nodeps: ignore dependencies
  • --replacepkgs | replacefiles 重装
  • --nosignature: do not check source validity
  • --nodigest: do not check package integrity
  • --noscript: do not execute package scripts
  • --nopre: do not execute preinstall scripts
  • --nopost: do not execute post-install scripts
  • --nopreun: do not execute pre-uninstall scripts
  • --nopostun: do not execute post-uninstall scripts
  • -v|-vv: show the process
  • -h: show progress bar
  • --force: force
• -e: uninstall
  • --allmatches: uninstall all versions of the package
• -U: upgrade install
• -F: upgrade
• --oldpackage: downgrade
• -q: query
  • -a: show all packages
  • -f: which package generated the query file
  • -p: query filenames that are not installed
  • -c: only look at the configuration file
  • -d: show documentation
  • -i: package description information
  • -l: see what files are provided by the package
  • --scripts: Query package script information
  • -R: The "capabilities" that the query package depends on
  • --whatprovides CAPABILITY: Query which package provides the specified "capability"
  • --whatrequires CAPABILITY: Query which package depends on the specified "capability"
  • --changelog: Query the change log of the rpm package
  • --provides: List the "capabilities" provided by the package
• -V: Check whether the package attributes have changed, the following is the changed information
  • S file Size differs
  • M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
  • 5 digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs
  • D Device major/minor number mismatch
  • L readLink(2) path mismatch
  • U User ownership differs
  • G Group ownership differs
  • T mTime differs
  • P capabilities differ
• -K: Check package signature and integrity
• --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/KEY import public key
• --root=/path/ install to the specified "/"
• --initdb: initialize the rpm database
• --rebuilddb: rebuild the rpm database

Related commands:

ldconfig -p View all libraries in the system rpm2cpio FILE.rpm |cpio -tv Preview the files in the package rpm2cpio FILE.rpm |cpio -idv /path/file Unzip the specified file in the rpm package

ldconfig -p View all libraries in the system
rpm2cpio FILE.rpm |cpio -tv Preview the files in the package
rpm2cpio FILE.rpm |cpio -idv /path/file Unzip the specified file in the rpm package

 

2. yum package management

yum is a file that stores many rpm packages and related metadata files

Variables available in yum's repo configuration file:
$releasever: the major version number of the current OS release
$arch: platform, i386, i486, i586, x86_64, etc.
$basearch: base platform; i386, x86_64
$YUM0-$YUM9: custom variable

yum usage
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
 Display the repository list:
yum repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
 Display the package:
yum list
yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [.. .]
yum list {available|installed|updates} [glob_exp1] [...]
 Install packages:
yum install package1 [package2] [...]
yum reinstall package1 [package2] [...] (reinstall)

Upgrade packages:
yum update [package1] [package2] [...]
yum downgrade package1 [package2] [...] (downgrade) Check
for available upgrades:
yum check-update
Uninstall packages:
yum remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]

View package information:
yum info [...]
 View which package provides a specified feature (which can be a file):
yum provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...] Clear
local cache:
clear /var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever cache
yum clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
 Build cache:
yum makecache

search

yum  search string1 [string2] [...]    例如：yum  search  *app*

Configuration file:

/etc/yum.conf configuration file

• cachedir cache directory
• keepcache=0|1 Whether to keep cached rpm packages during installation
• logfile log file
• gpgcheck=0|1 Check signature and integrity

/var/log/yum.log log

/etc/yum.repos.d/FILE.repo   yum source file

[base]
name=base #description information
baseurl=http|ftp|file #yum warehouse, the path points to the parent directory of repodata
enabled=0|1
gpgcheck=0|1
gpgkey=/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
failovermethod={roundrobin|priority}
                        #roundrobin:意为随机挑选，为默认值
                        #priority:按顺序访问
cost=                   #优先级，默认1000，值越小越优先
mirror=http|ftp|file    #指向repo地址的文件