Only as a study note for my study of "Internet of Things Development", the original course link: Geek Time "Internet of Things Development" - Guo Chaobin
In this lecture, Mr. Guo took smart home as an example to explain the design and technical framework of the Internet of Things.
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The development stage of smart home
From the analysis of the degree of automation, the development of smart home can be divided into three stages: remote control, scene linkage and intelligence.
1. Remote control
When it comes to remote control, the first thing that comes to my mind is TV remote control. This kind of product is very common in life. This kind of remote control is usually realized by infrared or radio frequency technology. In addition, we can use Wi-Fi, BLE and ZigBee and other technical means to achieve networking, so as to achieve more advanced remote control, such as using a smart phone APP or smart speakers to remote control other hardware devices.
2. Scene linkage
In the remote control stage mentioned above, human-computer interaction is required for each operation, that is, the machine will respond only after the human needs to make an action. For example, when using the remote control to change channels, you need to press the remote control every time; when using a voice assistant, you need to send a voice command to it every time.
However, in the scene linkage stage, people only need to participate in the human-computer interaction once. You only need to set the linkage logic in advance, and the IoT devices can run automatically according to the logic you set. For example, after returning home from get off work, the lights in the living room are automatically turned on as soon as the door is opened; when the door is closed at work, all lights and air conditioners are automatically turned off.
The current smart home is in the stage of scene linkage.
3. Intelligent
When there are more and more smart home devices, and they generate more and more data, the smart home system can judge the user's behavior patterns and preferences, and automatically process some things.
Design principles for smart home products
- Focus on a single area and solve a problem.
- Closed loop, including sensors, actuators, and controllers at the same time.
- Feasibility exists, and the technology involved in product functionality has been implemented.
Simple IoT System for Smart Home Scenarios
Take smart lights as an example and do a dismantling.
- Sensors : Sensors are used to sense their own state and the surrounding environment. For example, the light sensor of smart lights, the microphone of smart speakers.
- Actuator : used to complete specific control actions. Such as relays, heaters, refrigerators, etc.
- Controller : A single-chip microcomputer can be used as a controller.
- Home Gateway : Whether using BLE or ZigBee, a gateway is required.
- User interface : Since the smart home system ultimately needs to interact with the user, the most convenient interaction is to provide an operation panel, which is best displayed on a mobile phone or other electronic device.
Technical framework diagram of a simple IoT system
- Device layer : The three components of sensor, actuator and controller cooperate with each other to form a complete device function.
- Network layer : Home gateways can use BLE technology devices to access the Internet of Things. Then, the gateway connects to the cloud platform through the MQTT protocol, allowing these devices to communicate with each other and the platform.
- Application layer : The cloud platform is a platform for data storage, processing and analysis, and can provide API interfaces for your App.