1. Affine transformation
Affine transformation refers to the process of performing a linear transformation (multiplying a matrix) in a vector space and adding a translation (adding a vector) to another vector space. In the finite-dimensional case, each affine transformation can be given by a matrix A and a vector b, which can be written as A with an additional column b. An affine transformation corresponds to the multiplication of a matrix and a vector, and the composition of an affine transformation corresponds to an ordinary matrix multiplication by adding an extra row to the bottom of the matrix, which is all 0s except the rightmost 1, And add a 1 at the bottom of the column vector
void warpAf